Archive

Image Enhancement is the one of the most powerful technique through which we can be improved the quality of any images. The aim motive is to use the image enhancement technique is to enhance the image visual appearance. There are many technique are used to enhance the image quality are Spatial domain method and frequency domain method. One of the spatial domain enhanced method that are operated directly on the image pixels. Spatial Domain Method are mainly be applied on the digital image to enhance their visual appearance. Image Enhancement technique are used in many fields like satellite ,print media, image processing, military and our real life photographs quality. Image enhancement technique also be improves the clarity of images of human viewing, removing noise, unambiguity and blurring also. This paper compares some images with some existing methods on the basis of PSNR value. After finding out the PSNR value for the given image, we find that the proposed algorithm gives much better result than other existing techniques and the whole work is implemented in MATLAB.

Keywords : Spatial Domain, Image Enhancement, Fuzzy Logic, Membership Function, Fuzzification, Defuzzification, PSNR, MSR

Recent

[1] Anil K.jain, Salil Prabhakar, Lin Hong, and Sharath Pankanti, “Filterbank- Based Fingerprint Matching,” IEEE transactions on image processing, Vol.9,NO.5,MAY 2000. [2] Approximation Studies on Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Technique by Sasi Gopalan, Madhu S Nair and Souriar Sebasti. International journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 10. September, 2009. [3] Ertugrul Saatchi and Vedat Tavsanoglu, “Fingerprint Image Enhancement using CNN Gahor –type filters Cellular Neural [4] Networks and their Applications, proceedings, 7th IEEE International workshop, p.p 377-382, 2002. [5] Faisel Saeed, K.M. George, Huizhu Lu “Image Contrast Enhancement Using Fuzzy Set Theory”. [6] H.C.Lee and R.E.Gaensslen, Eds., Advances in Fingerprint Technology, New York: Elsevier, 1991. [7] H R.Tizhoosh, “Fast fuzzy edge detection,” in proceedings NAFIPS 2002 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society,pp. 239-242, 27-29 June 2002. [8] K. Pringle. “Visual perception by a computer,” In Automatic Interpretation and Classification of Images, pages 277-284. Academic Press, New York, 1969. [9] L. Zadeh, ‘Fuzzy Sets’, Information Control, pp. 338-353, 1965. [10] Lin Hung, Wan, Anil Jain: “Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithm and Performance Evaluation” IEEE Transaction on panem analysis and machine intelligence”, Vol 20 N.8, p.p. 777-789, 1998. [11] L. O. Hall and A. Namasivayam, “Using adaptive fuzzy rules for image segmentation”, in IEEE World Congress on Computational intelligence, Vol. 2, pp. 808-825, 1997. [12] M. Hanmadlu, D. Jha, and R.Sharma, “Color image enhancement using fuzzy intersification”, Pattern recognition Letters, Vol.24 (1-3), p.p. 81-87, 2003. [13] Milind Kumar V.Sarode, Dr. S.A.Ladhake, Dr.Prashant R.Deshmukh “ Fuzzy system for color image enhancement” proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology volume 36 December 2008.

In engines, an exhaust heat recovery system turns thermal losses in the exhaust pipe into energy. Even though the current generation engines consume less fuel than they used to, the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine has not much improved since its creation. The main purpose of this work is to further improve the heat recovery from exhaust of the engine. By optimizing the geometry of the HEX fins, it is required to achieve maximum heat transfer with acceptable pressure drop which makes back pressure in the exhaust. The heat exchanger used in this work is a curved finned tube heat exchanger which is supposed to deliver more heat transfer than the flat finned tube heat exchangers. Thereby, increasing the waste heat recovery. In order to achieve maximum heat recovery amount and minimum pressure drop along the heat exchanger, optimization is carried out for the geometry of the curved finned heat exchanger such as different fin curvatures, fins height, and are modelled numerically. The best combination of fin geometries for maximum desirability is to be found out. The study is conducted with the help of CFD simulation package Ansys CFX.

Keywords : CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), HEX (Heat Exchanger), Waste Heat Recovery, Optimization, Desirability

Recent

[1] M. Hatami, M. Jafaryar, D.D. Ganji, M. Gorji-Bandpy, “Optimization of finned-tube heat exchangers for diesel exhaust waste heat recovery using CFD and CCD techniques”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 57 (2014) 254–263 [2] M. Hatami, D.D. Ganji, M. Gorji-Bandpy, “A review of different heat exchangers designs for increasing the diesel exhaust waste heat recovery”, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 37 (2014) 168–181. [3] Vamsi Mokkapati, Chuen-Sen Lin, “Numerical study of an exhaust heat recovery system using corrugated tube heat exchanger with twisted tape inserts”, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer (2014). [4] V. Pandiyarajan, M. Chinna Pandian, E. Malan, R. Velraj, R.V. Seeniraj, ”Experimental investigation on heat recovery from diesel engine exhaust using finned shell and tube heat exchanger and thermal storage system”, Appl. Energy 88 (2011) 77–87. [5] S. Lee, C. Bae, “Design of a heat exchanger to reduce the exhaust temperature in a spark-ignition engine”, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 47 (2008) 468–478. [6] H.G. Zhang, E.H. Wang, B.Y. Fan, “Heat transfer analysis of a finned-tube evaporator for engine exhaust heat recovery”, Energy Convers. Manag. 65 (2013) 438–447. [7] M. Ghazikhani, M. Hatami, Gh. Shahi, A. Behravan, “Exergy analysis and experimental investigation on exhaust sound level in a DI diesel engine”, 7th international conference of internal combustion engine, Olympic international hotel, Tehran, Iran, 2011. [8] M. Ghazikhani, M. Hatami, D.D. Ganji, M. Gorji-Bandpy, Gh. Shahi, A. Behravan, “Exergy recovery from the exhaust cooling in a DI diesel engine for BSFC reduction purposes”, Energy 65 (2014) 44–51. [9] S. Mavridou, G.C. Mavropoulos, D. Bouris, D.T. Hountalas, G. Bergeles, “Comparative design study of a diesel exhaust gas heat exchanger for truck applications with conventional and state of the art heat transfer enhancements”, Appl. Therm. Eng. 30 (2010) 935–947.

The advancement in science had led to highly complicated electronic devices and at the same time the size of such devices is getting reduced day by day. The amount of heat generated by these devices is increasing in par with its complexity. The efficiency of electronics devices decreases with increase in temperature. The cooling of these devices to their normal working temperature is a great challenge since the area available for heat transfer will be very less and there is restricted movement of air. This paper deals with jet impingement cooling, in which high velocity jets are used for removal of heat from a surface. The jets are arranged in the form of a staggered array and are pulsating in nature. To increase the turbulence in the flow domain the jets are pulsated at a phase shift. The study is carried out at different frequencies. The objective of this study is to compare the heat transfer at different combinations of frequencies and angles of phase shift and find the combination at which the heat transfer is maximum. The study is done using computational fluid dynamics software tool ANSYS Fluent version 14.

Keywords : CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), Jet Impingement Cooling, Pulsating Jet, Phase Shift Staggered Array of Jets

Recent

[1] D.A. Zumbrunnen, M. Aziz, Convective heat transfer enhancement due to intermittency in an impinging jet, Journal of Heat Transfer 115 (1) (1993) 91–98. [2] P Xu , S Qiu , MZ Yu , X Qiao , A S. Mujumdar, A study on the heat and mass transfer properties of multiple pulsating impinging jets, Journal of Heat Transfer [3] R Zulkifli and K Sopian,” Studies on Pulse jet impingement heat transfer: flow profile and effect of pulse frequencies on heat transfer”, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan ,Malaysia, International journal of Engineering and technology, pp 86-94, 2001 [4] Vadiraj Katti, S.V. Prabhu, “Experimental study and theoretical analysis of local heat transfer distribution between smooth flat surface and impinging air jet from a circular straight pipe nozzle”, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay,2008 [5] Freidman, S.J., and Mueller, A.C., "Heat Transfer to Flat Surfaces," Proc. Gen. Disc.on Heat Transfer, Institution of Mech. Engineers, London, pp. 138-142, 1951. [6] J Y San, M D Lai, Optimum jet to jet spacing for heat transfer for staggered array of impinging air jets, Department of mechanical engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, 2001. [7] Gardon, R., and Cobonpue, J.A., "Heat Transfer between a Flat Plate and Jets of Air Impinging on It," International Developments in Heat Transfer, ASME, pp. 454-460, T19T. [8] Science 49 (7) (2010) 1247–1252. [9] D.A. Zumbrunnen, M. Balasubramanian, Convective heat transfer enhancement due to gas injection into an impinging liquid jet, Journal of Heat Transfer 117(4) (1995) 1011–1017. [10] E.C. Mladin, D.A. Zumbrunnen, Local convective heat transfer to submerged pulsating jets, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40 (14) (1997)3305–3321. [11] D.J. Sailor, D.J. Rohli, Q.L. Fu, Effect of variable duty cycle flow pulsations on heat transfer enhancement for an impinging air jet, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 20 (6) (1999) 574–580. [12] H.S. Sheriff, D.A. Zumbrunnen, Effect of flow pulsations on the cooling effectiveness of an impinging jet, Journal of Heat Transfer 116 (4) (1994) 886–895. [13] L.F.A. Azevedo, B.W. Webb, M. Queiroz, Pulsed air-jet impingement heat-transfer, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 8 (3) (1994) 206–213. [14] E.C. Mladin, D.A. Zumbrunnen, Alterations to coherent flow structures and heat transfer due to pulsations in an impinging air-jet, International Journal of Thermal Science 39 (2) (2000) 236–248.

Modern construction industry is aiming at incorporating cost effective, economic, durable and light weight sections in their construction practice. Cold formed steel sections due to its high post buckling strength and the above mentioned qualities have a become a favorite building material among engineers. Hence it is necessary to make an in depth study about the buckling behavior of cold formed steel sections to understand about the most economical design of light gauge sections. Even though studies on individual flexural members like channel sections, lipped channel sections, zed sections have been done there are a very few researches on built-up I sections which is a very important flexural member. In this study, cold formed sections under considerations are built-up I sections. Finite element analyses are used to investigate the web buckling behavior of various cold formed built-up I sections with and without web holes, under interior two flange and interior one flange loading conditions. Sections are made with similar cross sectional areas for comparison. The web holes are located at the mid-depth of the sections with a horizontal clear distance of the web holes to the near edge of the bearing plate. This becomes of great importance to study the effect of web holes on the strength of the sections so that a better precise design and economy can be maintained.

Keywords : Cold Formed Steel, Built Up I Section, Buckling Analysis, Web Holes

Recent

[1] Feng Zhou and Ben Young (2006) Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections Subjected to Web Crippling, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp.134-144. [2] Feng Zhou and Ben Young (2007) Cold-Formed High-Strength Stainless Steel Tubular Sections Subjected to Web Crippling, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp.368-377. [3] M. Macdonald et.al (2008) Web Crippling Behaviour of Thin-walled Lipped Channel Beams Subjected to EOF and ETF Loading, International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, pp.251-263. [4] Poologanathan Keerthan, (2010) Experimental study of web crippling behaviour of hollow flange channel beams under two flange load cases, Thin-Walled Structures, pp.207-219. [5] Asraf Uzzaman et.al (2012) Web crippling behaviour of cold-formed steel channel sections with offset web holes subjected to interior-two-flange loading, Thin-Walled Structures, pp. 76-86. [6] Yu Chen et.al, (2015) Experimental and finite element analysis research on cold-formed steel lipped channel beams under web crippling, Thin-Walled Structures, pp.41-52. [7] Dr.B.C. Punmia et.al, Design of steel structures [8] IS 801:1975 Indian standard code of practice for use of cold-formed light gauge steel structural members in general building construction [9] IS 811:1987 Indian standard specification for cold formed light gauge structural steel sections [10] BS 2994:1976 British specification for cold rolled steel sections [11] AISI S100-07 North American specification for the design of cold formed steel structural members

In the Bandpass filter two open stepped impedance resonator is introduce with help of dual band pass filter. The proposed filter having an extra added two open stabbed impudence resonator in inside the substrate and the filter design is designed for input output transmission lines where structure is totally coupled. Through this theoretical analysis and full wave simulation, we proceed SLR is ready to have the beneficial that odd mode resonant frequency and perhaps even mode are fixed. Dual bandpass filter is a simulated design of microwave dual bandpass filter is operating at its centre frequencies (1.75, 2.83) GHz which make this filter liable candidate of dual Bandpass filter. The insertion loss less than -5dB. An s-parameter result proposed filter has been simulated correctly which shows remarkable characteristics of microwave dual bandpass filter using SISRs. A dual bandpass filter is design to the dual part wireless communication .Warless network IEEE802.11b operates at 2.4 GHz. Satellite communications 2.31 to 2.36 GHz. The FR4 substrate by dielectric constant 4.4 thickness 1.6 mm and toss tangent 0.02 in the prepared filter structure which based at SISR the dual band filter.

Keywords : Dual Bandpass Filter, Dual E-Shaped Multimode Resonator, Coupling Model, Geometrical and Physical Parameters

Recent

[1] Shuai Yang, Lei Lin, Jianzhong Chen, Kun Deng and Chang-Hong Liang ‘Dual Band Band pass Filter Using Dual-Mode Stepped-Impedance Stub Resonators’,IEEE Electronics Letter Year:2014,Voiume:50,Pages: 611-613 [2] Chen, J.-X., Shao, C., Shi, J., and Bao, Z.-H.: ‘Multilayer Independently controllable dual-band bandpass filter using dual-mode slotted-patch resonator’, Electron. Lett 2013, 49, (9), pp. 19–24 [3] [3] Liu, H.W., Li, S., and Ren, B.P.: ‘Microstrip dual-band bandpass filter with E-shaped multimode resonator’, Electron. Lett. 2013, 49, (14), pp. 887–888 [4] Zhang, X.-Y., Chen, J.-X., Xue, Q., and Li, S.-M.: ‘Dual-band bandpass filters using stub-loade resonators’, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 2007, 17, (8), pp. 583–585 [5] Chin, K.-S., and Yeh, J.-H.: ‘Dual-wideband Bandpass filter using shortcircuited stepped-impedance resonators’, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 2009, 19, (3), pp. 155–157 [6] Mo, Y., Song, K.-J., Tao, P., and Fan, Y.: ‘Miniaturised dual-band bandpass filter using modified SIR’, Electron. Lett., 2013, 49, (14), pp. 888–890 [7] Lum, K. M. and C. E. Free, \A novel dual circularly polarized planar and multi-layer LTCC antenna arrays using traveling-wave feed system," IEEE Trans. Micro Theory Tech., Vol. 54,No. 6, 2880{2886, Jun. 2006. [8] Jian-Xin Chen, “Dual-Band Bandpass Filters Using Stub-Loaded Resonators,’’IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 17, NO. 8, AUGUST 2007

A gas bottle is a spherical pressure vessel used in aerospace application. A typical gas bottle used in the liquid propulsion system of launch vehicle is considered for the present study. The design is carried out considering two materials namely- Ti - 6Al -4V alloy and Inconel 718. Design is validated through analytical and finite element analysis for specified load. Design is also validated for the different size of crack through fracture mechanics module in ANSYS workbench 18.0. Stress Intensity Factor was determined using analytical method and finite element method for various crack size. Three dimensional analysis of gas bottle in presence of crack is carried out. Stress Intensity factors are compared with the fracture toughness value of the respective materials.

Keywords : Stress Intensity Factor, Fracture toughness, Ti - 6Al -4V, Inconel 718, Surface Crack, ANSYS

Recent

[1] Sutton, G. P, "A Preliminary Comparison of Potential Propulsion Systems for Space Flight", A speech before the Wichita Section, American Rocket Society, June 30, 1957. [2] T.L. Anderson (1995). "Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications", CRC Press. ISBN 978-0849316562. [3] Nidhi Dwivedi,Veerendra Kumar &Ashwani Shrivastava, "Burst Pressure Assessment of Pressure Vessel Using Finite Element Analysis: A Review" [4] Subhananda Rao, A., Venkata Rao, G., and Nageshwara Rao, B., 2005, “Effect of Long Seam Mismatch on the Burst Pressure of Maraging Steel Rocket Motor Cases,” Eng. Failure Anal., 12, pp. 325–336. [5] Department of Defense. Military Standardization Handbook: Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures MIL-HDBK-5E, Volume 2. June 1987. [6] Nicholas, T., Material behavior at high strain rates, Report AFWAL-TR-80-4053, USAF Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA, 1980 [7] IS 2825 (1969): Code for unfired pressure vessels [MED 1: Boilers and Pressure Vessels] [8] ASME BPVC I (2010), Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Rules for Construction of Power Boilers, as required by the States of Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, et. alia. [9] ANSYS Design Exploration User's Guide, ANSYS, Inc. Release 15.0 Southpointe November 2013 275 Technology Drive. [10] Hertzberg, Richard W. "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4 ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-01214-9. (December 1995). [11] Nomesh Kumar, V. Venkateshwara Rao, & Abhishekh Saxena," Fracture Based Analysis of Pressure Vessel: Application of Fracture Mechanics in Ultrasonic Testing", MIT International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, August 2015, pp. 63-66 [12] J. C. Newman, "Fracture Analysis of Surface and Through Cracks in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels"., Jr. Langley Research Center [Hampton, Va. 23665, NASA JN D-8325

Finned tube heat exchanger are used for heat transfer between air, gas and liquids or steam. Heat exchanger with finned heating surfaces, so-called finned tube heat exchanger, offer the possibility of heat transfer between gases and liquids significantly space-saving and is more efficient to implement than it is possible with straight tubes. finned tube heat exchangers are designed to transfer heat from clean air and gases with high efficiency on liquids or vapors, and vice versa. In this way the media can be heated, cooled or condensed, in a closely space. Finned tube heat exchangers can be used for different applications and in a variety of designs. In this work a model of finned tube heat exchanger was made and by using ANSYS fluent and used Al2O3 nanofluid as cooant for heat transfer enhancement and the analysis was carried out . CFD simulations are done for different concentration of Al2O3 at different flow speed . temperature contours in all the cases can be plotted by using CFD.by this we can clearly understand the heat transfer enhancement role of small concentration of nano particle on base fluid

Keywords : Nanofluid, CFD, Al2O3, Finned Tube Heat Exchanger, Industrial Chiller

Recent

[1] M. R. K. Mahrood, S. G. Etemad, R. Bagheri,(2010) “Free convection heat transfer of non Newtoniannanofluids under constant heat flux condition”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 10, 1449-1454 [2] C Y Cheng,(2009) “Free convection of non-Newtonian nanofluids about a vertical truncated cone in a porous medium”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 9, 1348-1353 [3] M.K. Moraveji, S.M.H. Haddad, M. Darabi(2012).”Modelling of convective heat transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid in the horizontal tube under constant heat flux with computational fluid dynamics”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 7, 995-999 [4] M. Hojjat, S. Gh. Etemad,R. Bagheri, J. Thibault (2011) “Convective heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids through a uniformly heated circular tube”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50 525-531 [5] Mohammad Hojjat, SeyedGholamrezaEtemad , RouhollahBagheri, Jules Thibault (2011)“Turbulent forced convection heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 35 1351–1356 [6] Mahmoud Reza, KhadangiMahrood, SeyedGholamrezaEtemad , RouhollahBagheri (2011)“Free convection heat transfer of non Newtoniannanofluids under constant heatflux condition” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 38 1449 –1454 [7] R. Kamali , A.R. Binesh (2010)“Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement using carbon nanotube-based non-Newtonian nano fluid Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement using carbon nanotube-based non-Newtonian nano fluids” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 37 1153–1157 [8] Putra N, Roetzel W, Das SK. (2003) “Natural convection of nano-fluids”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer; 39:775–84. [9] Wen D, Ding Y. (2010) “Formulation of nanofluids for natural convective heat transfer applications.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 2005; 26:855–64. [10] Hwang KS, Lee J-H, Jang SP. (2007)” Buoyancy-driven heat transfer of water-based Al 2O3 nanofluids in a rectangular cavity”. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ;50(19):4003–10

This research reports on the smarter way to tackle phishing and various web attacks. In addition, observations on the outcomes obtained from examination, group-project coursework, and informal feedback from victims have been analysed. This resulted in uncovering the same pattern and habits of the victims and how to utilize them to improve their security. This study led to devise specific pattern recognition using classification algorithm of machine learning to improve the user’s security.

Keywords : Phishing, Classification Algorithm, Machine Learning

Recent

[1] Jayakumar, N., Iyer, M.S., Joshi, S.D. and Patil, S.H., A Mathematical Model in Support of Efficient offloading for Active Storage Architectures. [2] Naveenkumar, J. and Joshi, S.D., 2015. Evaluation of Active Storage System Realized through MobilityRPC. [3] Naveenkumar, J., Bhor, M.P. and Joshi, S., 2011. A self-process improvement for achieving high software quality. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 3(5), pp.3850-3053. [4] Salunkhe, R. and Jaykumar, N., 2016, June. Query Bound Application Offloading: Approach towards Increase Performance of Big Data Computing. In Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (Vol. 3, No. 6 (June-2016)). JETIR. [5] BVDUCOE, B., 2011. Iris Image Pre-Processing and Minutiae Points Extraction. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Security. [6] Archana, R.C., Naveenkumar, J. and Patil, S.H., 2011. Iris Image Pre-Processing and Minutiae Points Extraction. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 9(6), p.171. [7] Kumar, N., Angral, S. and Sharma, R., 2014. Integrating Intrusion Detection System with Network Monitoring. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4, pp.1-4. [8] Jayakumar, M.N., Zaeimfar, M.F., Joshi, M.M. and Joshi, S.D., 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET). Journal Impact Factor, 5(1), pp.46-51. [9] Kakamanshadi, G., Naveenkumar, J. and Patil, S.H., 2011. A Method to Find Shortest Reliable Path by Hardware Testing and Software Implementation. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN, pp.0975-5462. [10] Namdeo, J. and Jayakumar, N., 2014. Predicting Students Performance Using Data Mining Technique with Rough Set Theory Concepts. International Journal, 2(2). [11] Jayakumar, N., Singh, S., Patil, S.H. and Joshi, S.D., 2015. Evaluation Parameters of Infrastructure Resources Required for Integrating Parallel Computing Algorithm and Distributed File System. IJSTE-Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng, 1(12), pp.251-254. [12] Salunkhe, R., Kadam, A.D., Jayakumar, N. and Thakore, D., 2016, March. In search of a scalable file system state-of-the-art file systems review and map view of new Scalable File system. In Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), International Conference on (pp. 364-371). IEEE. [13] Naveenkumar, J., Makwana, R., Joshi, S.D. and Thakore, D.M., 2015. Offloading Compression and Decompression Logic Closer to Video Files Using Remote Procedure Call. Journal Impact Factor, 6(3), pp.37-45. [14] Jayakumar, N., 2014. Reducts and Discretization Concepts, tools for Predicting Student’s Performance. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Innov. Technol, 3(2), pp.7-15.

In the recent times we are constantly hearing about petrol bunk frauds. Most of the petrol bunks today have manipulated the pumps such that it displays the amount as entered but the quantity of fuel filled in the customer’s tank is much lesser than the displayed value. I.et the pumps are tampered for the benefit of the petrol bunks owner. This results in huge profits for the petrol bunks but at the same time the customers are cheated. All the vehicles in India consist of analog meters hence it is not possible to precisely know the amount of fuel currently in the vehicle and also it is not possible to cross check the quantity of fuel filled in the petrol bunk. In this project we focus on creating a digital display of the exact amount of fuel contained in the vehicles tank and also helps in cross checking the quantity of fuel filled at the petrol bunk. In addition to this the project also tends to find the mileage of the bike which is a time consuming and tedious job to do manually by noting down the readings all the time and the proposed system will also show the nearest petrol pump using GPS when the fuel tank goes in reserve mode.

Keywords : GPS, Hall Effect, Proteus, Ultrasonic Sensor, Serial Transmission

Recent

[1] Jaimano Varghese, Binesh Ellupurayil Balachandran , “Low Cost Intelligent Real Time Fuel Mileage Indicator for Motorbikes”,International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-5, April 2013. [2] Nitin Jade, Pranjal Shrimali, Asvin Patel, Sagar Gupta, “Modified Type Intelligent Digital Fuel Indicator System”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 20-23. [3] Kunal D. Dhande, Sarang R. Gogilwar, SagarYele, “Fuel Level Measurement Techniques”, Systematic Survey International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.4, April 2014E-ISSN: 2321-963781. [4] AlkaGaba, Nitin Goyal, “Review over Diverse Location Aided Routing”, Global Journal for Current Engineering Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 141-144, 2013. [5] NITESH.K.A, LOHITH.B.N M.Tech 4 Dept. of DECS VTU-RC, PG Centre, Mysuru2Asst.Prof, Dept. of DECS VTU-RC, PG Centre, Mysuru. [6] T. J Sokira and W. Jaffe, Brushless DC Motors: Electronic Commutation and Control, Tab Books, USA, 1989. [7] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5654865&isnumber=5654845

RGB light are special lights, with only one LED which is capable of emitting red, green & blue with a single LED (Light Emitting Diode). Though there are such LEDs present in market which come pre-programmed. What we are talking about is making it more interactive and making it instantly programmable by swipping on android phone.

Keywords : LED, RGB, Rpi, OTG, TIP Transistor

Recent

[1] http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/43/7/1951.full [2] Jayakumar, N., Iyer, M.S., Joshi, S.D. and Patil, S.H., A Mathematical Model in Support of Efficient offloading for Active Storage Architectures. [3] Naveenkumar, J. and Joshi, S.D., 2015. Evaluation of Active Storage System Realized through MobilityRPC. [4] Naveenkumar, J., Bhor, M.P. and Joshi, S., 2011. A self-process improvement for achieving high software quality. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 3(5), pp.3850-3053. [5] Salunkhe, R. and Jaykumar, N., 2016, June. Query Bound Application Offloading: Approach towards Increase Performance of Big Data Computing. In Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (Vol. 3, No. 6 (June-2016)). JETIR. [6] BVDUCOE, B., 2011. Iris Image Pre-Processing and Minutiae Points Extraction. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Security. [7] Archana, R.C., Naveenkumar, J. and Patil, S.H., 2011. Iris Image Pre-Processing and Minutiae Points Extraction. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 9(6), p.171. [8] Kumar, N., Angral, S. and Sharma, R., 2014. Integrating Intrusion Detection System with Network Monitoring. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4, pp.1-4. [9] Jayakumar, M.N., Zaeimfar, M.F., Joshi, M.M. and Joshi, S.D., 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET). Journal Impact Factor, 5(1), pp.46-51. [10] Kakamanshadi, G., Naveenkumar, J. and Patil, S.H., 2011. A Method to Find Shortest Reliable Path by Hardware Testing and Software Implementation. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN, pp.0975-5462. [11] Namdeo, J. and Jayakumar, N., 2014. Predicting Students Performance Using Data Mining Technique with Rough Set Theory Concepts. International Journal, 2(2). [12] Jayakumar, N., Singh, S., Patil, S.H. and Joshi, S.D., 2015. Evaluation Parameters of Infrastructure Resources Required for Integrating Parallel Computing Algorithm and Distributed File System. IJSTE-Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng, 1(12), pp.251-254. [13] Salunkhe, R., Kadam, A.D., Jayakumar, N. and Thakore, D., 2016, March. In search of a scalable file system state-of-the-art file systems review and map view of new Scalable File system. In Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), International Conference on (pp. 364-371). IEEE. [14] Naveenkumar, J., Makwana, R., Joshi, S.D. and Thakore, D.M., 2015. Offloading Compression and Decompression Logic Closer to Video Files Using Remote Procedure Call. Journal Impact Factor, 6(3), pp.37-45. [15] Jayakumar, N., 2014. Reducts and Discretization Concepts, tools for Predicting Student’s Performance. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Innov. Technol, 3(2), pp.7-15.

Land use is forced by environmental factors such as soil characteristics, climate, topography, and vegetation. Image processing helps to identify the type of land, by displaying particular image of that area and that image will be helpful to classify the land in the form of percentage. Existing methodologies do the change detection procedure by detecting the objects in image and that objects are compared with the base image objects to obtain a difference image. This paper a proposed system is used to develop a suitable method related to land areas for finding changes in land areas that undergoes changes over a period of time. In proposed method to get a clear image pre-processing is done. In pre-processing, the methods namely denoising, resizing and control point selection is done. Image segmentation and image classification is done on the image to get the final percentage change in forest land.

Keywords : Image Pre-Processing, Image Segmentation, Image Classification, Canny Edge Detection and K-NN Classifier

Recent

[1] Jovit Reno. A, Beulah David.D , “An Application of Image Change Detection- Urbanization”, International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT] 2015 . [2] Moumita Roy, FaridMelgani, AshishGhosh, Enrico Blanzieri and SusmitaGhosh,“ Land-Cover Classification of Remotely Sensed Images Using Compressive Sensing Having Severe Scarcity of Labeled Patterns ”, IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS, VOL. 12, NO. 6, JUNE 2015, Page no. 1257-1261. [3] ChanikaSukawattanavijit, Jie CHEN,“ Fusion of RADARSAT-2 Imagery with LANDSAT-8 Multispectral Data for Improving Land Cover Classification Performance Using SVM ”,IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar(APSAR) 2015, Page no. 567-572. [4] Wu Bin, Yang Jian, Zhao Zhongming, Meng Yu, YueAnzhi, Chen Jingbo, He Dongxu, Liu Xingchun, and Liu Shunxi , “Parcel-Based Change Detection in Land-Use Maps by Adopting the Holistic Feature”, IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST 2014, Page no. 3482-3490. [5] Jwan Al-doski, ShattriB.Mansor* and HelmiZulhaidiMohdShafri, “ Hybrid classification of Landsat data for land cover Changes analysis of the Halabja city, Iraq”, Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management 2013, Page no. 84-98. [6] RajeshwarDass, Priyanka, SwapnaDevi , “Image Segmentation Techniques”, IJECT Vol. 3, Issue 1, Jan. - March 2012, Page no. 66-70. [7] J Umamaheswari and Dr.G.Radhamani, “Quadratic Program Optimization using Support Vector Machine for CT Brain Image Classification”, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 4, No 1, July 2012, Page no. 305-310. Websites [8] https://www.google.co.in/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=+deforestration+images&ie=utf8&oe=utf8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=LPzkV6XPM7L98wejzIygCw#channel=fs&q=deforestration+ [9] https://www.google.co.in/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=+deforestration+images&ie=utf-8&oe=utf8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=LPzkV6XPM7L98wejzIygCw#channel=fs&q=canny+edge+detection+algorithm [10] https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=Vf_kV6aM4zT8gfxo73IAw&gws_rd=ssl#q=google+earth+images [11] https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2014/10/introduction-k-neighbours-algorithm-clustering [12] https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=Vf_kV-6aM4zT8gfxo73IAw&gws_rd=ssl#q=image+preprocessig [13] www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/pkalra/cs1783/canny.pdf.

In our country India, there is a significant crisis of energy we are mostly dependent on coal for our energy utilization. Thus, there is a need to conserve energy and measures should be taken to reduce the wastage of energy. Our project mainly focuses on utilizing the waste energy and convert it into useful energy (in particular electricity). Our project is the model where waste energy (heat energy) can be used to introduce electrical energy. Various ways where heat energy is wasted. Automobile, Power plant, etc

Keywords : Electric Generator, Thermoelectric Power Generator, Thermoelectric Materials

Recent

[1] PP Pradyumnan& Swathikrishnan, Indian journal of pure & Applied physics, Vol.48,February 2010,pp.115-120 [2] Natkrita Prasoetsopha,SupreePinitsoontorn, VittayaAmornkitbamrung, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand [3] D. Flahaut, T. Mihara and R. Funahashi, N. Nabeshima, K. Lee, H. Ohta and K. Koumoto, Journal of Applied Physics 100, 084911 (2006) [4] Il - Ho Kim1, Soon-Mok Choi, Won-SeonSeo and Dong-Ik Cheong, Kim et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:2

The purpose of this paper to review some major studies to determine the relation between the safety climate and safety of an organization. Safety climate acts as a demonstrator of safety level in an organization. Improvement of the safety of an organization like by subjugating the risk-taking behavior of the employee, by improving the safety performance of worker, by scale down the underreporting of injuries and accidents only possible by positive safety climate. Most of the studies show that the positive safety climate is associated with the improved safety of an organization which at last long decreases the risk of workplace injuries and accidents.

Keywords : Work Environment, Worker’s Health and Safety, Safety Training, Small and Large Scale Industries, Management, Safety Behavior

Recent

[1] Beus, Payne, Bergman, Arthur 2010. Safety climate and injuries: An examination of theoretical and Empirical relationships. Journal of applied psychology, 95, 713-727. [2] Barling, J., Loughlin, C., & Kelloway, K. E. 2002. Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 488–496 [3] Christian, M.S., Bradley, J.C., Wallace, J.C., Burke, M.J., 2009. Workplace safety: a meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. J. Appl. Psychol. 94 (5), 1103– 1127. [4] Clarke, S., 2006a. The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: a meta-analytic review. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 11 (4), 315–327. [5] Cooper, M.D., Phillips, R.A., 2004. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. J. Saf. Res. 35 (5), 497–512. [6] Evans, D. D., Michael, J. H., Wiedenbeck, J. K., & Ray, C. D. 2004. Relationships between organizational climates and safety-related events at four wood manufacturers. Forest Products Journal, 55, 23–28. [7] Flin, R., Mearns, K., O‟Connor, P., & Bryden, R. 2000. Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177–192. [8] Griffin, M.A., Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 5 (3), 347–358. [9] Guldenmund, F. W. 2000. The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215–257 [10] Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. a. Res Nurs Health 1997; 20(3): 269-74. [11] Hayes, B.E., Perander, J., Smecko, T., Trask, J., 1998. Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: development and validation of the work safety scale. Accid. Anal. Prev. 29 (3), 145–161. [12] Hofmann, D.A., Stetzer, A., 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychol. 49 (2), 307–339. [13] Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Landy, F. 1995. High reliability process industries: Individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 26, 131–149. [14] Hofmann, D. A., & Morgeson, F. P. 1999. Safety-related behavior as a social exchange: The role of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 286–296. [15] Hofmann, D. A., & Stetzer, A. 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49, 307–339. [16] Huang, Y., Verma, S.K., Chang, W., Courtney, T.K., Lombardi, D.A., Brennan, M.J., Perry, M.J., 2012. Management commitment to safety vs. employee perceived safety training and association with future injury. Accid. Anal. Prev. 47, 94–101 [17] Lu, C., Tsai, C., 2008. The effects of safety climate on vessel accidents in the container shipping context. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40 (2), 594–601. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology 1975; 28(4): 563-75. [18] Liu. X, Haung. G, Haung. H, Shuyu Wang, Yani Xiao, 2015. Safety climate, safety behavior, and worker injuries in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Safety Science (78) 173-178. [19] Ma, Q., Yuan, J., 2009. Exploratory study on safety climate in Chinese manufacturing Mearns, K., Whitaker, S.M., Flin, R., 2003. Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Saf. Sci. 41 (8), 641–680. [20] Michael. H. J, Guo. G.Z. , Widenbeck K. Jaince. , Ray. D. 2006. Production supervisor impacts on subordinate safety outcome: An investigation of leader member exchange and safety communication. Journal of safety research (37), 469-477. [21] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., 2006. A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. J. Appl. Psychol. 91 (4), 946–953. [22] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Saf. Sci. 34 (1–3), 99–109. [23] Nordlof Hasse, Wiitavaara Birgitta, Winbald. U, Wijk, Westerling Ranger, 2015. Safety culture and reasons for risk taking at a large steel manufacturing company: Investigating worker‟s perspective. Safety science (73) 126-135. [24] Connor, P., O Dea, A., Kennedy, Q., Buttrey, S.E., 2011. Measuring safety climate in aviation: a review and recommendations for the future. Saf. Sci. 49 (2), 128– 138 [25] Probst, T. M. 2004. Safety and insecurity: Exploring the moderating effect of organizational safety climate. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 3–10. [26] Probst, T. M., & Estrada, A. X. (2008, April). Injury under-reporting: The moderating effects of organizational safety climate. In S. C. Payne & J. M. Rodriguez (Chairs), Safety in organizations: Moderators and mediators of safety climate. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Francisco, CA. [27] Probst, T. Estrada, E.X., 2010. Accident under-reporting among employees: testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention 42, 1438–1444. [28] Polit DF, Beck CT.2006. The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 29(5): 489-97. [29] Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. 2007. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 30(4): 459-67. [30] Seo, D.C. Torabi, M.R., Blair, E.H., Ellis, N.T., 2004. A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach. J. Saf. Res. 35 (4), 427–445. [31] Smith, G.S., Huang, Y.H., Ho, M. Chen, P.Y. 2006. The relationship between safety climate and injury rates across industries: the need to adjust for injury hazards. Accid. Anal Prev. 38 (3), 556–562. [32] Tholén, S.L., Pousette, A., Törner, M., 2013.Causal relations between psychosocial conditions, safety climate and safety behavior – a multi-level investigation. Saf. Sci. 55, 62–69. [33] Varonen, U., Mattila, M., 2000. The safety climate and its relationship to safety practices, safety of the work environment and occupational accidents in eight wood-processing companies. Accid. Anal. Prev. 32 (6), 761–769. [34] Vinod Kumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. 2009. Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science, 47, 659–667. [35] Wu, T., Chen, C., Li, C., 2008. A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 21 (3), 307–318. [36] Wynd CA, Schmidt B, Schaefer MA 2003. Two quantitative approaches for estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res; 25(5): 508-18. [37] Yule Steven, Flin. R, Murdy. A. 2007. The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk taking at work. Int. J. Risk Assessment and Management (7) 137-151. [38] Zhang, J., Wu, C., 2014. The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: a dual process perspective. Accid. Anal. Prev. 70, 24–32.

The present paper describes the characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfilling sites of Kuberpur, Agra. The main objective of this study was to collected and analysed for various physic-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. This paper provides a reliable and robust database to serve as a reference for the implementation of the most suitable technique for reducing the negative environmental effects of discharge leachate at Kuberpur site. It has been found that leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents beyond the permissible limits. While, heavy metals concentration was in trace amount as the waste is domestic in nature. The data presented in this study indicated that the age of the landfill has a significant effect on leachate composition. The biodegradable fraction of organic pollutants in the leachate decreases as an outcome of the anaerobic decomposition occurring in the landfill.

Keywords : Landfilling, Leachate, Organic and inorganic constituents, groundwater Contamination

Recent

[1] M. Sharholy, K. Ahmad, R. Vaishya, R. Gupta, Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in Allahabad, India, Waste Management, 27 (4), 2007 [2] A.Idris, B.Inane, M.N.Hassan, Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries, Material Cycles and Waste Management, 16, 2004 [3] MOUD, Manual on municipal solid waste management, The Expert Committee constituted by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2000. [4] N.Ahsan, Solid waste management plan for Indian megacities, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 19(2), 1999. [5] U. Welander, Characterisation and treat- ment of municipal landfill leachates, Thesis at Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, 1998. [6] J. Harmsen, “Identification of Organic Compounds in Leachate from a Waste Tip,” Water Research, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1983, pp. 699-705. doi:10.1016/00431354(83)90239-7

India is an agriculture based country. Agriculture has a significant role in the socio-economic fabric of India. An Engineer is always focus on development and reduction in human efforts. So many inventions and development have been done in different fields including machinery, constructions, nanotechnology etc. It is now important to focus on agriculture field. Machine becomes an integral part of human being. Automation helps to give high production rate than manual production rate in the competition market. Engineer accepts the challenges and make the design into reality. “Solar operated pesticide sprayer is one of the best innovative product that reduces human efforts. It is actually physical design that show how sprayer uses solar energy instead of conventional energy to spray pesticide on crops. The experimental result shows that the theoretical analysis is approximately same and valid for the prototype as per given specifications. It reduces up to 30-40% of total cost.

Keywords : AC to DC Converter, Solar Energy, Solar Pump, Sprayer, Portable

Recent

[1] SOLAR OPERATED PESTICIDE SPRAYER , Virendra Patil ,Prashant patil , Pravin Patil , International journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering , Vol 04, April 2015 [2] FARMER FRIENDLY SOLAR OPERATED SPRAY PUMP , Pritam Mali, Yogesh G. Ahire, Akash S. Bijangare , Rajendra S. Khadayate , International Research journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET) , Vol 03 Issue : 02/ Feb 2016 [3] SOLAR SPRAYER- AGRICULTURE IMPLEMENT, R Joshua ,V. Vasu , P. Vincent International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2 (1) :2010 [4] DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR POWERED AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE SPRAYER, Ritesh Chavan , Amir Hussain, Sanika Mahadeokar, Swapnil Nichat , International Journal of Innovations and Advancement in Computer Science(IJIACS) , vol.4, April 2015 [5] DEVELOPMENT OF MULTINOZZEL PESTICIDES SPRAYER PUMP , Sandeep H. Poratkar, Dhanraj R. Raut, International journal of Modern Engineering Research(IJMER), vol.3, March- April 2013 [6] ASAE, Standards 1986 Standard Engineering Practice sand Data. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph Ml, Pp93-96 [7] Solar Energy Utilization , G.D. Rai, Khanna Publication , Delhi, 1996

Surface finish and material removal rate are two important factors in the manufacturing which affect acceptability of the product which in turn reflects on the profitability of the organization. The worth of the production setup to produce the components with high material removal rate (MRR) without sacrificing the surface requirements can play vital role in sustainability and profitability of the organization. In this paper, the effect of process parameters on metal removal rate and surface roughness has been investigated in milling of AL material with Carbide end mill cutter. Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut have been taken as input factors in three level response surface methodologies used for experimentation. Mathematical models have been developed using response surface methodology to predict surface finish, and metal removal rate in term of machining parameters. Depth of cut and feed rate are found to be a dominant parameter for surface roughness; whereas feed rate mainly affects the metal removal rate.

Keywords : Cutting Speed, Depth of Cut, Feed, Response Surface Design, Surface Roughness Etc.

Recent

[1] Depak Kumar et al. (2015). Optimization of surface roughness and flatness in end milling of aluminum alloy 6063 –T6,Internation journal of advance in Engineering and technology , Vol.8, Issue6, pp.937-949 [2] N.S.V.N Hanuman et al(2017) On modeling the CNC end milling characteristics of AL-7075/WC Powder metallurgy composite, International conference on functional materials , characterization, solid state physics , power , Thermal and combustion energy. , AIP 179 [3] Kanan S et al (2016).Selection of machining parameter of face milling operation for aluminum with HSS cutter using Response surface methodology and Genetic algorithm., Journal of advance in chemistry Vol-12, pp.4938-4949 [4] S.Jeyakumar et al (2015). Optimization of machine parameter of AL6061composite to minimize the surface roughness –modeling using RSM and ANN , Indian Journal of engineering and material science , Vol.22, pp.29-37 [5] D.Bhnau Prakash et al. (2013). Optimization of machine parameter for aluminum alloy 6082 in CNC end milling , International journal of engineering research and applications , vol.3, issue-1, pp.505-510

The most common and widely used technique in the communication security and computer security fields is cryptography. Cryptography includes converting some data to incomprehensible format so that a non-intended recipient cannot determine its intended meaning. In this project, a binary form of data, such as plaintext message transformed into sequences of DNA nucleotides. The proposed method is a two-step procedure. First it converts the text messages to a DNA format, subsequently the nucleotides are passing through a Playfair Encryption process based on amino acids structure and in the second phase hide these message in a reference DNA sequence using 3:1 hiding rule.

Keywords : Cryptography, DNA, Nucleotides, Amino Acid, Reference DNA Sequence

Recent

[1] G. Hamed et al., “DNA Based Steganography: Survey and Analysis for Parameters Optimization,”in Applications of Intelligent Optimization in Biology and Medicine, Springer, 2015, ISSN: 1868–4394, pp. 47–89. [2] Ghada Hamed, Mohammed Marey, Safaa Amin El-Sayed Mohamed Fahmy Tolba, “Hybrid Technique for Steganography-based on DNA with N-Bits Binary Coding Rule” 2015 Seventh International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR 2015) [3] M. Skariya and M. Varghese, “Enhanced Double Layer Security usingRSA over DNA based Data Encryption System,” International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET), ISSN: 2229–3345, vol. 4, Issue No. 06, pp. 746–750, Jun 2013. [4] Y. A. Yunus, S. Ab Rahman and J. Ibrahim,“Steganography: A Reviewof Information Security Research and Development in Muslim World,” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), ISSN: 2320–0936,vol. 02, Issue No. 11, pp. 122–128, 2013. [5] C. Guo, C. Change and Z. Wang, “A New Data Hiding Scheme based on DNA Sequence,” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, ISSN: 1349–4198, vol. 8, Issue No. 1, pp. 139–149, Jan 2014. [6] I. K. Maitra, “Digital Steganalysis: Review on Recent Approaches,” Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, ISSN: 2229–371X,vol. 2, Issue No. 1, pp. 1–5, Jan 2011. [7] J. Taur, H. Lin, H. Lee and C. Tao, “Data Hiding in DNA Sequences based on Table Lookup Substitution,” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, ISSN: 1349–4198, vol. 8, IssueNo. 10, pp. 6585–6598, Oct. 2012. [8] A. Atito, A. Khalifa and S. Z. Rida, “DNA-based Data Encryption and Hiding using Playfair and Insertion Techniques,” Journal of Communications and Computer Engineering, ISSN: 2090–6234, vol. 2, Issue No. 3, pp. 44–49, 2012. [9] A. K. Kaundal and A. K. Verma, “DNA based Cryptography: A Review,”International Journal of Information and Computation Technology, ISSN: 0974–2239, vol. 04, Issue No. 7, pp. 693–698, 2014. [10] H.J. Shiu, K.L. Ng, J.F. Fang, R.C.T. lee and C.H. Huang, “Data Hiding Methods based upon DNA Sequences,” Journal of Information Sciences: an International Journal, vol. 180, Issue No. 11, pp. 2196–208, June 2010. [11] A. Khalifa and A. Atito, “High-Capacity DNA-based Steganography,” in Informatics and Systems (INFOS), 8th International Conference on 2012, May 2012, pp. BIO–76. [12] M. Sabry, M. Hashem, T.Nazmy and M. E. Khalifa, “A DNA and Amino Acids-based Implementation of Playfair Cipher,” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, ISSN: 1947–5500, vol. 8, Issue No. 3, pp. 129–136, 2010. [13] A. Khalifa, “LSBase: A key Encapsulation Scheme to Improve Hybrid Crypto-systems using DNA Steganography,” in 8th International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), Cairo, Egypt,Nov. 2013, pp. 105–110. [14] NCBI Database, Bank for real DNA reference sequences, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

In today’s world, there is an increasing demand of high data transfer rates in the IT industry which is highly achieved at the expense of a large amount of energy. The most common way to establish communication between the devices is to use Wi-Fi whether it is being used to browse internet or being used to transfer the data. The basic Wi-Fi offers high bandwidth which is much greater when compared to what Bluetooth provides. At the same time, while using mobile phones in specific, Wi-Fi uses a lot more power as compared to Bluetooth (active as well as inactive mode), which reduces the battery efficiency of the mobile phones. To overcome this issue, we propose to use Bluetooth and Wi-Fi alternatively by switching between these technologies based on the application requirements demand raised instead of performing the switching process based on the bandwidth used. The proposed scheme doesn’t require any change to the mobile applications but still increases the battery efficiency of the mobile devices and reduces the power consumption of data transfer.

Keywords : Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi tethering, Bluetooth, Power Consumption, Battery Efficiency

Recent

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth#Communication_and_connection [2] https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/bluetooth5 [3] https://www.engadget.com/2016/06/16/bluetooth-5/ [4] http://mobiledevdesign.com/news/bluetooth-and-power-consumption-issues-and-answers [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethering [6] Bhagwat, P. (2001). Bluetooth: technology for short-range wireless apps. IEEE Internet Computing, 5(3), 96-103. [7] Andersen, D. G., Balakrishnan H., Kaashoek M. F., Morris R., “Resilient Overlay Networks”. In Proc. 18th ACM SOSP, Banff, 2001 Bahl, P., Adya, A., Padhye, J., and Wolman A., [8] Henry, P. S., & Luo, H. (2002). WiFi: what's next?. IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(12), 66-72.(Henry, 2002 ) [9] Bertozzi, D., Raghunathan, A., Benini, L., and Ravi, S..Transport protocol optimizations for energy efficient wireless systems. In Design Automation and Test in Europe, 2003. [10] Carter, C., Kravets R., Tourrilhes J., “Contact Networking: A Localized Mobility System,” In Proc. of the First International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), 2003 [11] “Reconsidering Wireless Systems with Multiple Radios”. In ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review (CCR), 2004 [12] Dursch, A., Yen, D. C., & Shih, D. H. (2004). Bluetooth technology: an exploratory study of the analysis and implementation frameworks. Computer standards & interfaces, 26(4), 263-277. [13] In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applicationsand services (pp. 220-232). ACM [14] McDermott-Wells, P. (2004). What is bluetooth?. IEEE potentials, 23(5), 33-35 [15] Pering, T., Agarwal, Y., Gupta, R., & Want, R. (2006, June). Coolspots: reducing the power consumption of wireless mobile devices with multiple radio interfaces. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services (pp. 220-232). ACM. [16] Energy consumption analysis for bluetooth, wifi and cellular networks. Online Httpnesl Ee Ucla Edufw documents reports 2007PowerAnalysis Pdf [17] Cordeiro, C., Akhmetov, D., & Park, M. (2010, September). IEEE 802.11 ad: Introduction and performance evaluation of the first multi-Gbps WiFi technology. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM international workshop on mmWave communications: from circuits to networks (pp. 3-8). ACM. ( Cordeiro,2010, September) [18] Yoo, J. W., & Park, K. H. (2011). A cooperative clustering protocol for energy saving of mobile devices with wlan and bluetooth interfaces. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 10(4), 491-504. [19] DozyAP: Power-Efficient Wi-Fi Tethering Hao Han1,2, Yunxin Liu1, Guobin Shen1, Yongguang Zhang1, Qun Li2 1Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China 2College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA,2012 [20] Lambert, S., Van Heddeghem, W., Vereecken, W., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., & Pickavet, M. (2012). Worldwide electricity consumption of communication networks. Optics express, 20(26), B513-B524.(Lambert, 2012) [21] Gomez, C., Oller, J., & Paradells, J. (2012). Overview and evaluation of bluetooth low energy: An emerging low-power wireless technology. Sensors, 12(9), 11734-11753. [22] Friedman, R., Kogan, A., & Krivolapov, Y. (2013). On power and throughput tradeoffs of wifi and bluetooth in smartphones. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(7), 1363-1376. [23] Brain, M., Wilson, T. V., & Johnson, B. (2001). How WiFi Works. HowStuffWorks. Retrieved March, 25, 2014.( Brain,march, 2014) [24] Jung, K. H., Jeong, J. P., & Suh, Y. J. (2015). Sleeping mobile ap: a novel energy efficient wifi tethering scheme. Wireless Networks, 21(3), 963-980 [25] Pyles, A., Nguyen, D. T., Qi, X., & Zhou, G. (2015). Bluesaver: A Multi-PHY Approach to Smartphone Energy Savings. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(6), 3367-3377.

Human comfortness is essential now a day because of the improvement in life style and increasing atmospheric temperature. Electrical air conditioning machines are not most suitable for large buildings because of the higher power consumption and shorter life. Central air conditioning or chilled water system is more reliable for easy operation with a lower maintenance cost for large building. With large buildings such as commercial complex, auditorium, office buildings are provided with central air conditioning system. Educational and research institutions, Hotels, Hospitals, malls etc. are also need human comfortness, as the population of student community increase year by year. The effective design of central air conditioning or a chiller system can provide lower power consumption, capital cost and improve aesthetics of a building. This paper establishes the results of cooling load calculation of different climate conditions by installing dehumidifier. By using CLTD method and Carrier program then the results are compared for a single-story building which is a part of an institute. Cooling load items such as, Electrical equipments, people heat gain, lighting heat gain, infiltration and ventilation heat gain can easily be putted to the MS-Excel programme. The programme can also be used to calculate cooling load due to walls and roofs. And results were compared with the standard data given by ASHRAE and CARRIER Fundamental Hand Books, hourly analysis programme and results are satisfactory. It is also seen that in this paper cooling requirement of without dehumidifier is about 20 % more as compare to with dehumidifier for climate condition of Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala in India. It will be a significant for a large commercial building.

Keywords : HVAC, CLTD, Desiccant wheel, solar energy, Ducting, HAP

Recent

[1] ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, Ch. 28. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, U.S.A. (1997). [2] Cooling load calculation manual prepared by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. [3] A Bhatia, HVAC Made Easy: “A Guide of Heating and Cooling Load Estimation”, PDH online course M196 (4PDH). [4] Handbook of Air Conditioning System Design /Carrier Air Conditioning Co. by Carrier Air Conditioning Pty. Ltd. [5] Andersson,B., Wayne P. and Ronald K., " The impact of building orientation on residential heating and cooling" , Energy and Buildings,1985; 8; 205-224. [6] Al-Rabghi O. and Khalid A. , " Utilizing transfer function method for hourly cooling load calculations" Energy Conversion and Management,1997; 38; 319-332. [7] Shariah A, Bassam S., Akram R. and Brhan T.," Effects of absorptance of external surfaces on heating and cooling loads of residential buildings in Jordan" Energy Conversion and Management,1998; 39; 273-284. [8] Kulkarni K., P.K. Sahoo and Mishra M., “Optimization of cooling load for a lecture theatre in a composite climate in India” Energy and Buildings, 2011; 43; 1573-1579. [9] Suziyana M. D., Nina S. N., Yusof T. M. and. Basirul A. A. S., “Analysis of Heat Gain in Computer Laboratory and Excellent Centre by using CLTD/CLF/SCL Method” Procedia Engineering, 2013; 53; 655 – 664. [10] Hani H. Sait, “Estimated Thermal Load and Selecting of Suitable Air Conditioning Systems for a Three Story Educational Building” Procedia Computer Science, 2013; 19; 636 – 645. [11] Suqian Y., Jiaping L., Ge Xiangrong and Xiang H., “The Research of Cooling Load and Cooling Capacity Calculation Methods of Spinning Workshop” Procedia Environmenta. [12] Foudaa A., Melikyan Z., Mohamed M.A. and Elattar H.F., “A modified method of calculating the heating load for residential buildings” Energy and Buildings, 2014; 75; 170–175. [13] Lin Duanmu , Wang Z., Zhai Z.and Xiangli L., “A simplified method to predict hourly building cooling load for urban energy planning” Energy and Buildings, 2013; 58; 281–291. [14] Christian , Gueymard and Thevenard D., “Monthly average clear-sky broadband irradiance database for worldwide solar heat gain and building cooling load calculations” Solar Energy, 2009; 83; 1998–2018. [15] Abdullatif E., Ben-Nakhi, Mohamed A., and Mahmoud, “Cooling load prediction for buildings using general regression neural networks” Energy Conversion and Management, 2004; 45; 2127–2141. [16] Fernando Simon, Westphal,F.S. and Roberto L., “The use of simplified weather data to estimate thermal loads of non-residential buildings” Energy and Buildings, 2004; 36; 847-854. [17] Mehmet Azmi ,Aktacir M.A., Buyukalaca O, and Tuncay Y., “A case study for influence of building thermal insulation on cooling load and air-conditioning system in the hot and humid regions” Applied Energy, 2010; 87; 599–607. [18] Tingyao Chen and Zhun Yu, “A statistical method for selection of sequences of coincident weather parameters for design cooling loads calculations” Energy Conversion and Management, 2009; 50; 813–821. [19] Naouel Daouas, “A study on optimum insulation thickness in walls and energy savings in Tunisian buildings based on analytical calculation of cooling and heating transmission loads” Applied Energy, 2011; 88; 156–164.

The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET, is a technology that uses moves cars as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. VANET turns every participating car into a wireless router or node, allowing cars approximately 100 to 300 metres of each other to connect and, in turn, create a network with a wide range. As cars fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network, other cars can join in, connecting vehicles to one another so that a mobile Internet is created. Working with GPSR routing protocol main aim is to increase the performance and the efficiency of the GPSR as well as E-GPSR routing protocol. In this paper, we also give out a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of our proposal. Basing on the model, we use ns to simulate the highway condition. Form the result, we find that our proposal is better that GPSR at aspect of time delay. But in the packet delivery ratio, it doesn't bring us a remarkable improvement. The proposed methodology considers the border node and angle of orientation of the neighboring nodes. Based on this the D-GPSR outperforms the GPSR and E-GPSR routing protocol in terms of throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and network load. D-GPSR is methodology and algorithm is studied in detailed.

Keywords : VANET, GPSR, E-GPSR, D-GPSR, GPS

Recent

[1] Tianli Hu, Minghui Liwang, Lianfen Huang, Yuliang Tang. An Enhanced GPSR Routing Protocol based on the buffer length of nodes for the Congestion Problem in VANETs. The 10th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE 2015) July 22- 24, 2015 [2] Zhang Ning, Yunho Jung, Yan Jin, Kee-Cheon Kim. Route Optimization for GPSR in VANET 2009 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC 2009) 6-7 March 2009 [3] Hongyu Tu, Lei Peng, Huiyun Li, Falin Liu. GSPR-MV: a Routing Protocol Based on Motion Vector for VANET. ICSP2014 Proceedings [4] N.Brahmi, M.Boussedjra and J.Mouzna. Mobility Support and Improving GPSR Routing Approach in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks [A]. New Technologies, Mobility and Security[C]. Morocco, 1-6, 2008. [5] B.Karp and H. T. Kung. GPSR: Greedy PerimeterStateless Routing for Wireless Networks Proceedings of MOBICOMM’00. Boston, MA, USA, 243-254, 2000. [6] M. Jerbi, S.-M. Senouci, R. Meraihi and Y. Ghamri doudane. An improved vehicular ad hoc routing protocol for city environments. ICC’07. IEEE International Conference on Communications, 3972-3979, June 2007. [7] Y-B Wang, T-Y Wu, W-T Lee and C-H Ke, A Novel Geographic Routing Strategy over VANET, 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops. 873-879, 2010. [8] Yunbin Hu, Weiwei Xie, Tiecheng Song, Lianfeng Shen. An improved GPSR routing protocol for VANET. Conference on the new development of communication theory and technology. 63-68, Sept 2009.

With increasingly stricter legislations worldwide and shrinking reserves of fossil fuels, biodiesel has emerged out as one of the most promising alternative fuel for diesel engines. However, one major drawback of biodiesel is that it produces higher NOx emissions than mineral diesel although the soot emissions are comparatively lower due to its different combustion characteristics. In the present work, Jatropha biodiesel has been proposed as an alternative fuel for powering existing diesel engine. Transesterification has been carried out for effective utilization of Jatropha oil. Thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),smoke opacity, exhaust gas temperature(EGT),brake mean effective pressure(BMEP) have been measured for Jatropha oil. A comparable study is carried out on the basis of different performance curves, which are plotted for each proportion between thermal efficiency versus brake mean effective pressure(BMEP), smoke opacity versus brake mean effective pressure(BMEP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) versus brake mean effective pressure(BMEP). Transesterification process is a very effective process for reducing high viscosity of vegetable oils and bringing about changes at molecular level. Vegetable oils do not exhibit combustion related problems and the transesterification process produces a Bio-origin fuel that behaves almost like mineral diesel oil.

Keywords : Jatropha Biodiesel, Transesterification, NOx emission, Engine load

Recent

[1] Gruenspecht, Howard. "International energy outlook 2011." Center for Strategic and International Studies (2010). [2] Ye, Peng, and André L. Boehman. "Investigation of the impact of engine injection strategy on the biodiesel NOx effect with a common-rail turbocharged direct injection diesel engine." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 8 (2010): 4215-4225. [3] Li, De-gang, Huang Zhen, LŭXingcai, Zhang Wu-gao, and Yang Jian-Guang. "Physico-chemical properties of ethanol–diesel blend fuel and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel engines." Renewable energy 30, no. 6 (2005): 967-976. [4] Tanaka, Nobuo. "World energy outlook 2010." International Energy Agency. Paris : IEA (2010). [5] Lin, Bai-Fu, Jyun-Han Huang, and Dao-Yi Huang. "Experimental study of the effects of vegetable oil methyl ester on DI diesel engine performance characteristics and pollutant emissions." Fuel 88, no. 9 (2009): 1779-1785. [6] Boehman, André L. "Biodiesel production and processing." Fuel Processing Technology 86, no. 10 (2005): 1057-1058. [7] Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey." Energy conversion and Management 44, no. 13 (2003): 2093-2109. [8] Graboski, Michael S., and Robert L. McCormick. "Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines." Progress in energy and combustion science 24, no. 2 (1998): 125-164. [9] Körbitz, W. "Biodiesel production in Europe and North America, an encouraging prospect." Renewable Energy 16, no. 1 (1999): 1078-1083. [10] McCarthy, Peter, M. G. Rasul, and Shadia Moazzem. "Analysis and comparison of performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and different bio-diesels." Fuel 90, no. 6 (2011): 2147-2157. [11] Atabani, Abdelaziz E., Arridina S. Silitonga, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H. Masjuki, and S. Mekhilef. "A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics."Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 16, no. 4 (2012): 2070-2093. [12] Bajpai, Divya, and V. K. Tyagi. "Biodiesel: source, production, composition, properties and its benefits." Journal of Oleo Science 55, no. 10 (2006): 487-502. [13] Ramos, María Jesús, Carmen María Fernández, Abraham Casas, Lourdes Rodríguez, and Ángel Pérez. "Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties." Bio-resource technology 100, no. 1 (2009): 261-268. [14] Atadashi, I. M., M. K. Aroua, and A. Abdul Aziz. "High quality biodiesel and its diesel engine application: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, no. 7 (2010): 1999-2008. [15] Murugesan, A., C. Umarani, T. R. Chinnusamy, M. Krishnan, R. Subramanian, and N. Neduzchezhain. "Production and analysis of bio-diesel from non-edible oils-a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 4 (2009): 825-834. [16] Ryu, Kyunghyun. "The characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using a biodiesel with antioxidants. “Bio-resource technology 101, no. 1 (2010): S78-S82. [17] Murillo, S., J. L. Miguez, J. Porteiro, E. Granada, and J. C. Moran. "Performance and exhaust emissions in the use of biodiesel in outboard diesel engines." Fuel 86, no. 12 (2007): 1765-1771. [18] Özener, Orkun, LeventYüksek, Alp Tekin Ergenç, and Muammer Özkan. "Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics." Fuel 115 (2014): 875-883. [19] Raheman, H., and S. V. Ghadge. "Performance of compression ignition engine with mahua (Madhucaindica) biodiesel." Fuel 86, no. 16 (2007): 2568-2573. [20] Gangwar, Harish Kumar, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel (Jatropha Curcas) Blends in a Medium Duty IDI transportation Engine." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, pp. 175-183. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. [21] Ozsezen, AhmetNecati, Mustafa Canakci, Ali Turkcan, and CenkSayin. "Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters." Fuel 88, no. 4 (2009): 629-636. [22] Dhar, Atul, Roblet Kevin, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine." Fuel Processing Technology 97 (2012): 118-129. [23] Yoon, Seung Hyun, and Chang Sik Lee. "Experimental investigation on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biogas–biodiesel dual-fuel combustion in a CI engine." Fuel processing technology 92, no. 5 (2011): 992-1000. [24] Heywood, John B. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. Vol. 930. New York: Mcgraw-hill, 1988.

An automatic brake system for a vehicle consists of an electric motor, related to the motor for transmission motion from the motor to a brake lever that pushes the restraint. This project provides a brand new idea style of the EMPB (electro mechanical parking brakes) system that has straightforward and cheap characteristics. This project deals with coming up with and fabrication of EMPB system. Mechanical device hand brake system conjointly remarked as brake by-wire, replace typical parking braking systems with a totally electrical part system. This happens by replacement typical linkages with electrical motor-driven units. The braking force is generated directly at every wheel by high performance electrical motors and automobile management, that area unit controlled by an ECU. The electronic hand brake replaces the traditional handbrake. It’s operated by a switch within the center console. The mechanical device hand brake provides the subsequent edges over the traditional handbrake: easy use-the hand brake is applied totally no matter the strength of the driving force. Safety- the electrical hand brake applies mechanically once the key is off from the ignition.

Keywords : Auto Hand Brake Release, DC Motor, Relay, Drum Brake, Arduino Microcontroller etc

Recent

[1] Nayak, Sumant. "Design and fabrication of electromechanical parking brake system." (2014). [2] Huang, Chien-Tai, et al. "Design and testing of a new electric parking brake actuator." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems 1.2008-01-2555 (2008): 1217-1222. [3] Wang, Bin, et al. "Slide mode control for integrated electric parking brake system." MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING (2013). [4] Liao, Yan-Sin, Chien-Tai Huang, Chien-Tzu Chen, Shou-Yi Cheng, Bo-Ruei Chen, and Fu-Yen Huang. “Novel Design of the Integrated Electric Parking Brake System.” No. 2010-01-1707. SAE Technical Paper, 2010. [5] Lee Y O, Wongoo Lee, Lee C W, Novel clamping force control for electric parking brake systems, Published in Asian Control Conference, 2009. [6] Tatsuya Yamasaki, Masaaki Eguchi, Yusuke Makino, NTN technical review No.75(2007), Need of an Electromechanical Brake, Link- www.ntn-snr.com/ portal/fr/en en/file.../NTN_TR75_en_P0531.pdf

Virtual Manufacturing system is a computer system which is utilised to generate the same information about manufacturing system’s structure, states and behaviours as we can observe in real manufacturing systems. Virtual reality and virtual manufacturing often concentrate on an interface between VR technology, manufacturing, production theory and practice. It is our belief that the direction of evolution of manufacturing theory and practice will become clearer in the future once the role of VR technology is understood better in developing this interface. Virtual Manufacturing will have a similar effect on the manufacturing phase thanks to the modelling, simulation and optimisation of the product and the processes involved in its fabrication. After a description of Virtual Manufacturing (definitions and scope), we present some socio-economic factors of VM and finally some “hot topics” for the future are proposed.

Keywords : Virtual Reality, Virtual Manufacturing, VR Technologies

Recent

[1] BANERJEE, P., ZETU, D.: Virtual Manufacturing. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 320 p., ISBN 0-471- 35443-0. [2] BROŽA P.: Technologies CAD/CAM. Computer, Vol. 5, No. 6, 1998, pp. 41-64. [3] HSU T. R. - SINHA D. K.: Computer-Aided Design: An Integrated Approach. West Publish Company, St. Paul, 1992, 487 p., ISBN 0-314-80781-0. [4] JEDRZEJEWSKI J.- KWASNY W.: Remarks on state -of-the-art Virtual Manufacturing. In: Virtual manufacturing. Wroclaw university of Technology, Wroclaw, 2001, p. 5-14. [5] KURIC I. - DEBNAR R.: Computer Aided Systems. InfoWare, No. 1, 1998, pp. 10-12. [6] KURIC I. - KOŠTURIAK J. - JANAČ A. - PETERKA J.- MARCINČIN J.N.: Computer Aided Systems in Mechanical Engineering. EDIS ŽU, Žilina, 2002, 351 s. (in Slovak). [7] LEDERER G.: Virtual Manufacturing - Manufacturers Challenge of the 1990s. CIME - Computer Integrated Manufacture and Engineering. Vol. 1, No. 2, 1996, pp. 44-46. [8] LEE K.: Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1998. [9] MARCINČIN J. N.: Computer Control of Manufacturing Processes by CAM Systems. In: Proceedings of the conference TOOLS 2000. Trenčín, 2000, pp. 222- 225. [11] MARCINČIN J. N. - PETIK A.: Computer Aided Manufacturing - inseparable part of CAD/CAM/ CAE chain. InfoWare, Vol. 3, No. 8, 1999, pp. 18-20 (in Slovak).

Heat exchangers find extensive use in industrial applications such as automotive systems, power generation, nuclear industry, process plants, heat recovery systems, refrigeration systems, food industry, etc. A heat exchanger is a device where two fluids streams come into thermal contact in order to transfer the heat from hot fluid to cold fluid stream. It has been widely reported in literature that heat transfer rates in helical coils are higher as compared to those in straight tubes. Due to the compact structure and high heat transfer coefficient, helical coil are a preferred means of heat transfer which is finding application in the industry. In this investigation the aim is to identify the effects of variation of Helical Pitch, the Helical diameter and the effect of orientation on the heat transfer rate and efficiency for helical heat exchangers

Keywords : CFD, Radiators, Helical Tube, Heat Exchanger, Straight Tube

Recent

[1] C. D. Pérez-Segarra, C. Oliet & A. Oliva (2008), Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Automotive Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers, Part 1: Mathematical Model, Heat Transfer Engineering, 29, 484-494 [2] Datta N. Mehtre&Sandeep S. Kore (2014), Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer from Car Radiator Using Nano fluids,International journal of Mechanical engineering and computer applications, 2, 101-106 [3] D. Bohne, S. Fischer, and E. Obermeier (1984), Thermal Conductivity, Density, Viscosity, and Prandtl-Numbers of Ethylene Glycol-Water Mixtures,Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 88, 742-744 [4] Ghanbarali Sheikhzadeh, Mohammadhadi Hajilou & Hamed Jafarian (2014), Analysis of thermal performance of a car radiator employing, Nano fluid International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2, 47-51 [5] G.N. Tiwari, Sanjeev Kumar & Om Prakash (2003), Study of heat and mass transfer from sugarcane juice for evaporation,Desalination, 159, 81-96.

A ceiling fan is a mechanical device usually electrically powered, Suspended from the ceiling of a room, that uses hub mounted rotating blades to circulate air. The electrically powered ceiling fan was invented by 1882 by Philip Diehl. The disadvantage of existing ceiling fan is to cover small area of room, so cooling capacity will be decrease. A multi axis ceiling fan is a basically modification of existing ceiling fan. A fan mounted overhead for universal adjustment of the air flow direction. Its consists of gear mechanism and ac & dc motor. Multi axes ceiling fan will cover large area of room

Keywords : Multi Axes, Gear Attachment, Using a Link

Recent

[1] IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 38-48 www.iosrjournals.org [2] IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 [3] Shyam Bihari Lal et al., 2014, Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 [4] Analysis and Failure Improvement of Shaft of Gear Motor in CRM Shop [5] Optimization of shaft design under fatigue loading using Goodman method [6] Design, Load Analysis and Optimization of Compound Epicyclic Gear Trains [7] New Design and Improvement of Planetary Gear Trains