Archive

Publication for Volume-2 Issue-5, April 2017

Title
:
Using Fly Ash and Laterite as a Filtering Media
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Darshana D. Moon, VNIET NAGPUR; Prof. B. J. Wasnik ,VNIET NAGPUR; Prof. V. P. Wanjari ,VNIET NAGPUR
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Environment

The present study reports the comparative study of soil-based constructed soil filter system monitored for about 2 months for removal of turbidity of turbid water in which fly ash and laterite is used as filtering media. The samples passed through this arrangement, includes water collected from Wainganga (Wadsa), Gaurav paper mill Bramhapuri, Bhuti-nala (Bramhapuri), Ballarshah paper mill and Thermal power plant (Chandrapur). The result indicates removal of turbidity from these samples ranging from 3 NTU to 21NTU. Various other tests were also performed to check whether the water is potable or not viz., temperature, pH, dissolved solid, hardness of water, BOD & COD. The water passed through this arrangement reduces pH value from 0.1 to 1.3, dissolved solids from l6Oppm to 1528ppm, hardness reduces from 220 to 560, BOD r educes from 8ppm to 67ppm and COD reduces from 23ppm to 90ppm. Keywords: turbidity, hardness, temperature, oxygen content, pH.

Keywords : Turbidity, Hardness, Temperature, Oxygen Content, pH

Recent

[1] Hsu, T.C., C. C. Yu, and C.M. Meh, (2008) Adsorption of Cu2+ from water using raw and modified coal Fly Ashes. Fuel 87:1335-1359. [2] Ramakrishna, K.R. and T. Viraraghavan, (1997 Used of slag for dye removal. Waste Manag. 17(8):483-488. [3] Sun, D. X. Zhang, Y. Wu and X. Liu,(2010)Adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solution on Fly Ash. J. Hazard. Mat. 181:335-342. [4] Reid, R. Go Greensa Sound Business Decision (part I).J. Soc. Dyers Colour.1996, 102, 103. [5] Coro,E.; Laha, S. Color removal in ground water through enhanced softening process. Water Res.2001, 35 (7), 1851. [6] Chern, J.-M.; Wu, C.-y. Desorption of dye from activated carbob beds: effect of temperature, pH and alcohol. Water Res. 2001, 35(17), 4259-4165. [7] Lee, V. K. C.; Porter, J.F.; Mckay, G. Development of fixedbed adsorber correlation model. Ind. Emgg .Chem Res. 2000, 39, 2427-2433. [8] Salem, I. A.; EI-maazawi, M. Kinetics and mechanism of color removal of methylene blue with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by some supported alumina surfaces . Chemosphere 2000, 41, 1173. [9] Coro, E.; Laha, S. Color removal in ground water through enhanced softening process water Res. 2001, 35 (7), 1851. [10] Churchley, J.H. Reoval of Dye Wastewater Color from Swpage Effluent The Use of Full-Scale Ozone Plant. Water Sci. TEchnol. 1994, 30(3), 275. [11] Reid, R. Go Greensa Sound Business Decision (part 1) .J. Soc. Dyers Colour . 1996, 112, 103. [12] McKay, G.; Otterburn, M.S.; Sweeney, A. G. Surface Mass Tranfer Processes during Colour Removal from Efflunt Using Silica. Water Res. 1981,115,327.

Title
:
Review and Analysis of Spatial Channel Models in MIMO System
Article Type
:
Reveiw Article
Author Name(s)
:
Nitika Sahni, Green Hills Engineering College, Solan; Ravikant Sharma ,Green Hills Engineering College, solan; Amita Verma ,Green Hills Engineering College, solan
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Wireless Communication

Channel modeling is a fundamental research area in wireless communication due to the complexity of the signal propagation process. To design these new wireless systems, it is essential to use channel models. It plays a crucial role in the investigation of MIMO system capacity. The independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) channel model has been used by researchers to derive the useful bounds of MIMO capacity. The SCM (Spatial Channel Model) is an example of a more realistic channel model. It is a standardized model developed by 3GPP-3GPP2 spatial channel model (SCM) ad-hoc groups (AHG), which are standardization bodies for 3G cellular systems. This model allows us to perform system level simulations and offers three propagation scenarios for investigation: suburban macro-cell, urban macro-cell and urban micro-cell.

Keywords : IID, SCM, AMPS, FDMA, GPRS,B3G,CDMA.

Recent

[1] Nitika Sahni, Green Hills Engineering College, Kumarhatti, Solan(H.P.); Ravikant Sharma ,Green Hills Engineering College, Kumarhatti, Solan(H.P.); Amita Verma ,Green Hills Engineering College, Kumarhatti, Solan(H.P.). "Modelling, Simulation and Capacity Analysis of Spatial Channel Models in MIMO System." Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering 25 2017: 145 - 149. [2] V.H. McDonald, “The Cellular Concept,” Bell System Tech. J, pp. 15-49, Jan. 1979. [3] G. J. Foschini. Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in fading environments when using multielement antennas. Bell Labs Techn. J., pages 41–59, autumn 1996. [4] E. Telatar. “Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels.” European Trans. on Telecomm. ETT, 10(6):585–596, November 1999. [5] Emiliano Dall’Anese, Antonio Assalini and Silvano Pupolin, On the Effect of Imperfect Channel Estimation upon the Capacity of Correlated MIMO Fading Channels. 2009 IEEE. [6] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), “Spatial channel model for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) simulations (3gpp tr 25.996 version 6.1.0 release 6),” ETSI, Tech. Rep., 2003. [7] J. Salo, G. Del Galdo, J. Salmi, P. Kyosti, M. Milojevic, D. Laselva, and C. Schneider, “MATLAB implementation of the 3GPP Spatial Channel Model (3GPP TR 25.996),” On-line, Jan. 2005, http://www.tkk.fi/Units/Radio/scm/. [8] D. Gesbert, M. Shafi, D. shan Shiu, P. J. Smith, and A. Naguib, “From theory to practice: an overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems,” IEEE J. Selected Areas Communication, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 281–302, Apr. 2003. [9] M. A. Jensen and J. W. Wallace, “A review of antennas and propagation for MIMO wireless systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 2810–2824, Nov. 2004. [10] D.-S. Shiu, G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans, and J. M. Kahn, “Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48,issue 3, pp. 502–513, Mar. 2000

Title
:
2D Contour Design and Analysis of the Divergent Portion of a Satellite Thruster Nozzle using MOC
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Veda Jose, Mar Athansius College of Engineering; Aneesh k johny ,Mar Athansius College of Engineering; Vinod Yeldho Baby ,Mar Athansius College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Aerospace

This paper deals with the design of supersonic nozzles based on the theory of method of characteristics in two-dimensional regime. A MATLAB program was developed and utilized to compute the minimum length of the supersonic nozzle at the diverging section of the nozzle for the optimum Mach number at the nozzle exit with uniform flow. Numerical analysis is done and the solution is established for steady, in viscid, irrotational supersonic flow in two dimensions. An arbitrary shape is assumed for the converging section of the supersonic nozzle because of the rational assumption, the flow holds the consistency in the converging section. The design is focused on the diverging section of the nozzle.

Keywords : C-D nozzle, Design, Method of Characteristics, Minimum Length, Supersonic Flow

Recent

Books [1] J. John and T. Keith, Gas Dynamics, 3rd edition, Pearson, India [2] Anderson, J. D, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007 [3] Anderson, J. D, Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, McGraw-Hill, 2003 [4] P. H. Oosthuizen and W. E. Carscallen, Introduction to Compressible Fluid Flow, 2nd edition, 2009 [5] P. Niyogi, S. K. Chakrabartty, M. K. Laha, Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics, Pearson, 2005 Website [6] www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics [7] www.ansys.com/Products/Fluids/ANSYS-CFX

Title
:
An Effective Approach to Plaque Characterization in Ultrasound Images of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Article Type
:
Other
Author Name(s)
:
M. Anthuvan Lydia, Saranathan College of Engineering; V. Ramya ,Saranathan College of Engineering; J. Eindhumathy ,Saranathan College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Image Processing

Stroke is one of the most important causes of death in the world and the leading cause of serious, long-term disability. There is an urgent need for better techniques to diagnose patients at risk of stroke. In order to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis, parameters aiming to identify vulnerable lesions have been studied using 2D B-mode ultrasound (US) imaging. This survey intends to summarize the techniques for improvement of Ultrasonographic image quality, extraction of good features and system for plaque classification from ultrasound images using image processing is described. The proposed system involves A Plaque Characterization method that use Wavelet Transform that favors extraction of important ultrasound structure which is associated with several risk factors for atherosclerosis and to develop a system for asymptomatic and symptomatic classification of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque in ultrasound images of the carotid artery.

Keywords : Atherosclerosis, Carotid Ultrasound, Classification, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Recent

[1] N. Tsiaparas et al, “Comparison of Multiresolution Features for Texture Classification of Carotid Atherosclerosis from B- Mode Ultrasound”, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Volume: 15, Issue: 1,130 – 137, January2011. [2] J. Seabra, L. M. P. (MD), F. e Fernandes, and J. M. Sanches, “Ultrasonographic characterization and identification of symptomatic carotid plaques,” in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 2010. 32th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, September. 2010. [3] “A Review of Noninvasive Ultrasound Image processing methods in the analysis of Carotid plaque morphology for the assessment of stroke risk” IEEE Transactions on information technology in biomedicine, vol 14, No 4, July 2010. [4] E. Kyriacou, M. Pattichis, C. S. Pattichis, A. Mavrommatis,C. I. Christodoulou, S. Kakkos, and A. Nicolaides, “Classifcation of atherosclerotic carotid plaques using morphological analysis on ultrasound images,” J. Appl. Intell., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 3–23, 2009. [5] J. Stoitsis, N. Tsiaparas, S. Golemati, and K. S. Nikita, “Characterization of carotid atherosclerotic plaques using frequency-based texture analysis and bootstrap,” in Proc. 28th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, New York,2006, [6] J. Stoitsis, S. Golemati, K. S. Nikita, and A. N. Nicolaides, “Characterization of carotid atherosclerosis based on motion and texture features and clustering using fuzzy c-means,” in Proc. 26th Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, San Francisco, CA, 2004, pp. 1407–1410. [7] C. I. Christodoulou, C. S. Pattichis, M. Pantziaris, and A. Nicolaides, “Texture-based classification of atherosclerotic carotid

Title
:
Study on the Properties of Aerated Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and Quarry Dust
Article Type
:
Reveiw Article
Author Name(s)
:
Tony Thattil, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering; Prof. Sarah Anil ,Mar Athanasius College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Light Weight Concrete

The use of LWC (Lightweight concrete) has been a feature in the construction industry for centuries, but like other material the expectations of the performance have raised and now we are expecting a consistent, reliable material and predictable characteristics. The use of aluminum powder to make aerated concrete seems to be a viable option. This study deals with replacement of cement with fly ash and finding out an optimum ratio. This composition is then mixed with adequate aluminum powder to obtain an aerated concrete.

Keywords : LWC, Aluminium Powder, Fly Ash, Quarry Dust, Aerated Concrete

Recent

[1] Ameer A. Hilal, Nicholas H. Thom and andrew R. Dawson, “The Use of Additives to Enhance Properties of PreFormed Foamed Concrete”, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7, 4 , 2015 [2] Ali J. Hamad , “Properties and Application of Aerated Lightweight Concrete: Review”, International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2, 2 , 2014 [3] Prakash T M , Naresh kumar B G, Karisiddappa ,Raghunath S, “Properties of Aerated (Foamed) Concrete Blocks” , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 4,1 , 2013 [4] A. Sivakumar and Prakash M.,“Characteristic studies on the mechanical properties of quarry dust addition in conventional concrete”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, 2, 218-235 , 2011 [5] G.Balamurugan, Dr.P.Perumal , “Use of Quarry Dust to Replace Sand in Concrete – An Experimental Study”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3, 12 , 2013 [6] Keun-Hyeok Yang, Kyung-Ho Lee , “Tests on high-performance aerated concrete with a lower density”, Construction and Building Materials 74 ,109–117 , 2015 [7] Lohani T.K., Padhi M., Dash K.P., Jena S.,“Optimum utilization of Quarry dust as partial replacement of sand in concrete”, Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, 1, 2 , 2012 [8] Shi Cong Kou, Chi Sun Poon and Dixon Chan, “Influence of Fly Ash as Cement Replacement on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate” Concrete Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 19:709-717, 2007 [9] Watcharapong Wongkeo, Pailyn Thongsanitgarn, Kedsarin Pimraksa and Arnon Chaipanich,,“Compressive strength, flexural strength and thermal conductivity of autoclaved concrete block made using bottom ash as cement replacement materials” , Materials and Design, 35 ,434–439, 2012 [10] Y.H. Mugahed Amran, A.A. Abang Ali, Raizal S.M. Rashid, Farzad Hejazi and Nor Azizi Safiee, “Structural behavior of axially loaded precast foamed concrete sandwich panels” Construction and Building Materials ,107, 307–320, 2016

Title
:
Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques in a Solar Photovoltaic Array
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Thosar Suchita S, Aditya Engineering College Beed; Zameer Farooqui ,Aditya Engineering College Beed
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Engineering

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power, irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and the load electrical characteristics. This paper presents a practical implementation of perturbation and observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IncCon) algorithms based on PIC18F452 microcontroller for tracking of the maximum power generation from PV system. These algorithms are widely used because of its low-cost and ease of realization. Proposed P&O and IncCon algorithms are implemented and tested under different loads, and the test results are analyzed and compared. The results show the performance of the IncCon algorithm in tracking MPP is better than the P&O algorithm and the experimental results of IncCon algorithm indicate that the feasibility and improved functionality of the system with have high-efficiency.

Keywords : Photovoltaic (PV), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IncCon).

Recent

[1] Basil M. Hamed, Mohammed S. El-Moghany ,“Fuzzy Controller Design Using FPGA for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking”, (IJARAI) International Journal of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2012 [2] Mitulkumar R. Dave, K.C.Dave, “Analysis of Boost Converter Using PI Control Algorithms”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume3Issue2- 2012 [3] T.Chaitanya, Ch.Saibabu, J.Surya Kumari,” Modeling and Simulation of PV Array and its Performance Enhancement Using MPPT (P&O) Technique”, International Journal of Computer Science & Communication Networks,Vol 1(1),September-October 2011 [4] Ahmad Saudi Samosir et. al., “Simulation and Implementation of Interleaved Boost DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Application”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) Vol.1, No.2, December 2011, pp. 168~174 , ISSN: 2088-8694. 126-671-1-PB.pdf [5] UmaShankar Patel , Ms. Dhaneshwari Sahu, Deepkiran Tirkey, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Perturb & Observe Algorithm and Compare With another Algorithm”, International Journal of Digital Application & Contemporary research, Volume 2, Issue 2, September 2013 [6] C. Liu, B. Wu and R. Cheung, “Advanced Algorithm For MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Systems”, Canadian Solar Buildings Conference, Montreal, August 20-24, 2004 [7] W. Xiao, W.G. Dunford, “A modified adaptive hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic power systems,” in Conf. Rec. 2004 IEEE Annu. Power Electronics Specialists Conf.(PESC’04), vol.3, pp. 1957-1963, Jun. 2004. [8] T. Noguchi, S. Togashi, et al., “Short-current pulse-based maximum-power-point tracking method for multiple photovoltaic- and-converter module system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, pp. 217-223, Feb. 2002. [9] C. Hua, C, Shen, “Comparative study of peak power tracking techniques for solar storage systems,” in 1998 Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Expo., (APEC’98), pp. 697-685, 1998. [10] N. Patcharaprakiti, S. Premrudeepreechacharn, “Maximum power point tracking using adaptive fuzzy logic control for grid-connected photovoltaic system,” presented at the IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol.1, pp. 372-377, Jan. 2002. [11] A. Torres, F. Antunes, F. Reis, “An artificial neural network-based real time maximum power tracking controller for connecting a PV system to the grid,” in 1998 Proceeding, IEEE Annual Conf. Industrial Electronics Society (IECON’98), vol.1, pp. 554-558, Aug.-Sept. 1998 [12] D. P. Hohm, M. E. Ropp, “Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Using an Experimental, Programmable, Maximum Power Point Tracking Test Bed”, 0-7803-5772-8/00,IEEE,2000, 1699-1702. [13] N. Pongratananukul and T. Kasparis, “Tool for Automated Simulation of Solar Arrays Using General-Purpose Simulators,” in IEEE Conference Proceedings, (0-7803-8502-0/04), 2004, 10-14. [14] Trishan Esram, and Patrick L. Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum PowerPoint Tracking Techniques,‟IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22 (2), 2007, 439-449. [15] Hairul Nissah Zainudin, Saad Mekhilef, „Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV Systems,‟ Proc. 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON‟10), Cairo University, Egypt, 2010, 750 -755. [16] I.William Christopher and R.Ramesh, “Comparative Study of P&O and InC MPPT Algorithms”, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) , e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936, Volume-02, Issue-12, pp-402-408 [17] Ali Chermitti , Omar Boukli-Hacene , Bencherif Mohamed , “Improvement of the “Perturb and Observe” MPPT Algorithm in a Photovoltaic System under Rapidly Changing Climatic Conditions”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Volume 56– No.12, October 2012 [18] A. Luque and S. Hegedus, “Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003 [19] Ahmed M. Kassem, “MPPT control design and performance improvements of a PV generator powered DC motor-pump system based on artificial neural networks”, Elsevier Ltd, Electrical Power and Energy Systems43, pp. 90–98, 2012 [20] Enslin JHR, Wolf MS, Snyman DB, Sweigers W. “Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter”. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 769-773, 1997. [21] B. Hasaneen, and Adel A. Elbaset, “Design and simulation of dc/dc boost converter,” 12th International Middle East Power System Conference, 12-15 Mar 2008, pp 335-340. [22] Umashankar S. et. al. “Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms with DC-DC Converters for Solar PV System”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ISSN 0974-2190 Volume 3, Number 1 (2011), pp. 11-20 [23] Mutoh, N.; Ohno, M.; Inoue, T.; , "A Method for MPPT Control While Searching for Parameters Corresponding to Weather Conditions for PV Generation Systems," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.53, no.4, pp.1055-1065, June 2006, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2006.878328. [24] Hairul Nissah Zainudin and Saad Mekhilef (2010) “Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV Systems” 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON’10), Cairo University, Egypt, [25] M. A. Khan, et. al., “Improvement in Perturb and Observe Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Panel” Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, ISSN 2090-4304 , 3(9)456-466, 2013

Title
:
Rapid Prototyping of Structural Electronics: A Wireless Approach towards Printing of Electronic Objects (IOT)
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Akhil Raj, Holy Kings College of Engineering & Technology; Anand B Nair ,Holy Kings College of Engineering & Technology; Basil Mathew ,Holy Kings College of Engineering & Technology; Sanath Kumar P Sapre ,Holy Kings College of Engineering & Technology; Nitheesh Kurian ,Holy Kings College of Engineering & Technology
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Embedded Systems

With today’s technology excelling in the field of internet of things, rapid prototyping can be easily incorporated into the same. By rapid prototyping of electronics, a hassle free production of electronic objects can be achieved. In this paper, we propose a 3D printing technology capable of prototyping electronic objects while connected to internet and which can be accessed from anywhere in the world. The system consists of an Arduino Mega 2560 R3 board (ATmega 2560 IC), Arduino Ethernet shield, RAMPS 1.4 (Reprap Arduino Mega Pololu Shield), NEMA 17 stepper motors, A4988 stepper motor drivers, LCD controller. The Arduino Ethernet shield is used to establish communication between the Arduino mega board and a specifically designed mobile application through internet. Through the mobile application, the printer can be controlled and print file can be sent from anywhere over the internet.

Keywords : Rapid Prototyping, IoT, 3D Printing

Recent

[1] D. Pham and R. Gault, ‘‘A comparison of rapid prototyping technologies,’’ Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., vol. 38, nos. 10–11, pp. 1257–1287, 1998. [2] C. Chua, K. Hong, and S. Ho, ‘‘Rapid tooling technology. Part 1. A comparative study,’’ Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 604–608, 1999 [3] D. Espalin, D. W. Muse, F. Medina, E. MacDonald, and R. B. Wicker, ‘‘3D Printing multi-functionality: Structures with electronics,’’ Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., Mar. 2014. [4] A. J. Lopes, E. MacDonald, and R. B. Wicker, ‘‘Integrating stereo lithography and direct print technologies for 3D structural electronics fabrication,’’ Rapid Prototyping J., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 129–143, 2012. [5] M. Ruffo, C. Tuck, and R. Hague, ‘‘Make or buy analysis for rapid manufacturing,’’ Rapid Prototyping J., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 23–29, 2007. [6] 3D Printing for the Rapid Prototyping of Structural Electronics, IEEE Access, date of publication March 13, 2014

Title
:
Electricity Generation using Railway Tracks
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Bhakti Shashikant Shirke, Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering; Prof. Jagdish Chahande ,Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering; Vikas Goswami ,Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering; Adnan Ali Malnas ,Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering; Ganesh Zakane ,Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Elctricity Generation Modes

Power Generation from railway tracks is an important concern in today’s life because its carries large number of trains moving over it. In this project an attempt is made to design a mechanism which able to carry load and generate power using Simple mechanical elements. This mechanism used hydraulic press and Chain drive mechanism to transmit power. The mechanism design in this project is Alternative way to store the energy which is generated using train when passes over the railway tracks with continuous power production process. This mechanism is has advantages of less in cost to manufacture and maintenance free and requires less space to install it.

Keywords : Energy Harvesting, Non-Conventional Method, Railway Tracks, Hydraulic Press Mechanism

Recent

[1] Aniket Mishra, Pratik Kale, Atul Kambl, “Electricity Generation from Railway Tracks”, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science, 2013, Volume 2, Issue 11,pp.25-27,ISSN:2319-1813,www.theijes.com. [2] Piyush Bhagdikar, Shubham Gupta, Navneet Rana, R. Jegadeeshwaran, “Generation of electricity with the use of railway tracks”, “International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology”, 2014, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 589-595, ISSN: 2231196 [3] G.Ramakrishna Prabu, G.Ethiraj, “Electricity Generation by railway tracks”, “International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering May 2015, Vol. 4, Issue 5, ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875. [4] Amanpreet Kaur, Shivansh Kumar Singh, Rajneesh, Parwez, Shashank, “Power Generation Using Speed Breaker with Auto Street Light”, “International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology”, March 2013, Vol. 2, Issue 2, ISSN: 2319-5967. [5] Jyoti Maurya, Pooja Gupta, Pooja Gupta, Tarannum Shahab,Amitabh Srivastava, “Generation of Electricity through Speed Breaker Mechanism”, “International [6] B. Santosh Sarma, V. Jyothi, D. Sudhir, “Design of Power Generation Unit Using Roller Mechanism”, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, May-June 2014, Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp. 55-60, ISSN: 2278-1676, www.iosrjournals.org.

Title
:
Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Fibre Reinforced Concrete Subjected to High Temperature
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Linto Mathew, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering; Dr. Mathews M. Paul ,Mar Athanasius College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Concrete Technology

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material. Apart from its excellent properties, concrete is very poor in tensile strength. In order to improve the tensile properties, fibres are added to the concrete, which is known as fibre added concrete. This study is focused on the structural properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF) added concrete at elevated temperature. PALF is abundantly available at low cost in tropical areas, especially in Kerala, India. In this study, PALF of specific aspect ratio will be randomly dispersed in M25 concrete for the preparation of test specimens.

Keywords : Concrete, Mechanical Properties, Fibre Reinforced, Pineapple Leaf Fibre, Elevated Temperature

Recent

[1] L. Uma Devi, S. S. Bhagawan, Sabu Thomas “Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 64(9), 1739 – 1748, 1996 [2] Santosh Kumar D S, Praveen B A, Kiran Aithal S, U N Kempaiah “Development of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 2, Issue 3, 2015 [3] Romildo Dias Tolêdo Filho, Kuruvilla Joseph, Khosrow Ghavami & George Leslie England “The use of sisal fibre as reinforcement in cement based composites” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v.3, n.2, p.245-256, 1999 [4] Luiz C. Roma Jr., Luciane S. Martello, Holmer Savastano “Evaluation of mechanical, physical and thermal performance of cement-based tiles reinforced with vegetable fibres”, Construction and Building Materials Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 668–674, 2008 [5] N. Pannirselvam, V. Nagaradjane and K. Chandramouli “Strength Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Strengthened Beam”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Vol. 4, No. 9, ISSN 1819-6608, 2009 [6] Elie Awwad, Mounir Mabsout, Bilal Hamad and Helmi Khatib “Preliminary studies on the use of natural fibres in sustainable concrete”, Lebanese Science Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2011 [7] Pushpendra Soni and Raksha Parolkar “Study & Analysis of Durability of Fiber Reinforced Concrete,” International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology 745, ISSN: 2277-9655, 2015

Title
:
Crime Prediction using K-means Algorithm
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Vineet Jain, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology; Ayush Bhatia ,Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology; Vaibhav Arora ,Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology; Yogesh Sharma ,Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Data Mining

Crime analysis and prevention is a systematic approach for identifying and analyzing patterns and trends in crime. Our system can predict regions which have high probability for crime occurrence and can visualize crime prone areas. With the increasing advent of computerized systems, crime data analysts can help the Law enforcement officers to speed up the process of solving crimes. About 10% of the criminals commit about 50% of the crimes. Even though we cannot predict who all may be the victims of crime but can predict the place that has probability for its occurrence. K-means algorithm is done by partitioning data into groups based on their means. K-means algorithm has an extension called expectation - maximization algorithm where we partition the data based on their parameters. This easy to implement data mining framework works with the geospatial plot of crime and helps to improve the productivity of the detectives and other law enforcement officers. This system can also be used for the Indian crime departments for reducing the crime and solving the crimes with less time.

Keywords : Crime Prediction, K-Means, Clustering, Data Mining, Crime Prone Areas

Recent

[1] K. Zakir Hussain, M. Durairaj and G. Rabia Jahani Farzana, “Application of Data Mining Techniques for Analyzing Violent Criminal Behaviour by Simulation Model”, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology & Society, Vol. 02, No. 01, ISSN: 2249-9555, 2012 [2] A. Malathi, Dr. S. Santhosh Baboo, “Algorithmic Crime Prediction Model Based on the Analysis of Crime Clusters”, Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. 139-145, 2011. [3] Manish Gupta, B. Chandra and M. P. Gupta, “Crime Data Mining for Indian Police Information System”, Computer Society of India, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 388-397, 2008 [4] Malathi. A, Dr. S. Santhosh Baboo and Anbarasi A., “An intelligent Analysis of a City Crime Data Using Data Mining”, International Conference on Information and Electronics Engineering, IPCSIT, Vol. 06, 2011 [5] Kadhim B. Swadi Al-Janabi, “A Proposed Framework for Analyzing Crime Data Set Using Decision Tree and Simple K-Means Mining Algorithms”, Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer, Vol. 01, No. 03, pp. 08-24, 2011 [6] Rasoul Kiani, Siamak Mahadavi, Amin Keshavarzi, “Analysis and Prediction of Crimes by Clustering and Classification”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 04, Issue 8, 2015 [7] Jyoti Agarwal, Renuka Nagpal, Rajni Sehgal, “Crime Analysis using K-Means Clustering”, International Journal of Computer Applications(0975-8887), Vol. 83, No. 04, 2013 [8] Shyam Varan Nath, “Crime Pattern Detection Using Data Mining”, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 09, pp. 41-44, 2010 [9] Sasha Kapoor, Abhineet Kalra, “Data Mining for Crime Detection”, International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, Volume VII, Issue III, September 14

Title
:
Fiber Reinforced Polymer : A Smarter Material for the Smarter Constructions
Article Type
:
Case Study
Author Name(s)
:
Parth Desani, Shree Swami Atmanand Saraswati Institute of Technology, Surat; Dipixa Gajera ,; Sonal Gosai ,
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Structure

Civil Engineering has a very important role in practical life because it creates a safe foundation & provides facility for smooth conduction of life. For that purpose, a material named Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is introduced. A relatively new class of non-corrosive, high-strength, and lightweight materials, High flexibility and better suitability for all type of structural members, We can get more strength from the components of building by using it. Fiber Reinforced Polymer is characterized with very much tensile strength, application, and availability. This material may costly but it gives that much benefits which May worth for its higher cost. FRP is a highly suitable smarter material for the smarter constructions of nowadays.Fiber Reinforced Polymer has a very important role in construction work. We can get more strength from the components of building by using it. Fiber Reinforced Polymer is characterized with very much tensile strength, and As it has tensile strength it also help to increase the flexure strength of beam. This material may costly but it gives that much benefits which may worth for its higher cost. FRP is a highly suitable smarter material for the smarter constructions of nowadays.

Keywords : Fiber Reinforced Polymer, FRP, High Strength, Light Weight, Strengthening, Water Proof, Good Looking, High Flexure Strength, High Tensile

Recent

[1] Togay Ozbakkaloglu (University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia), Jian-Fei Chen (Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK), Scott T. Smith (Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW2480, Australia), and Jian-Guo Dai (Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong), (2016), Applications of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, International Journal of Polymer Science – Volume 2016 [2] Gevin McDaniel, P.E. Roadway Design Standards Administrator, Chase Knight, PhD, Composite Materials Research Specialist, Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Ravi Jain, Luke Lee (2012), “Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites For Infrastructure Applications. Focusing On Innovation, Technology Implementation And Sustainability”, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California [3] Pre-Standards for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Pultured Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structures, American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA), November – 2010. [4] 1Sami Rizkalla, 2Tarek Hassan and 2Nehla Hassan (2003), “Design Recommendations for the Use of FRP for Reinforcement and Strengthening of Concrete Structures, 1North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA, 2Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. [5] Taranu Nicolae, Oprişan Gabriel, Isopescu Dorina, EnţucIoana, Munteanu Vlad and Banu Catalin, “Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites As Internal And External Reinforcements For Building Elements”, University of Construction and Architecture, Indonesia. [6] Code of Standard Practice, Industry Guidelines for Fabrication and Installation of Pultured FRP Structures, published by American Composites Manufacturers Association (AMCA). [7] Performance Of Different Types Of FRP Sheets Bonded To Concrete Using Flexible Adhesive, Hesham M. Diab, Civil Engineering Department, Assiut University, Egypt. [8] Strengthening Of RC Continuous Beam Using FRP Sheet by Soumya Subhashree, Master Of Technology in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering), Department Of Civil Engineering National Institute Of Technology Rourkela Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India, May 2012 [9] Experimental Investigation Of RC Beams Strengthened With Externally Bonded FRP Composites, Nadeem A. Siddiqui, Department Of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, and Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. [10] Why Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Structural Shapes Have Become A Material Of Choice, By Daniel A. Witcher, P.E., S.E. [11] Prof. Dayal R. Parhi (2013), “Diagnosis of Damages in Beam Structures using Vibration Parameters and Artificial Intelligence Techniques”, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Title
:
Experimental Comparison of Heat Transfer in a Down Flow Louvered Fin Auto Radiator using Water, Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixture & Water, Ethylene Glycol and Sugarcane Juice Mixture as Coolants
Article Type
:
Other
Author Name(s)
:
Swagath. V. Mohan, MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam; Prof. Jacob Kuriakose ,MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam; Nidhin A R ,MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam; Binu Varghese ,MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam; Feizal Fidus ,MA College of Engineering, Kothamangalam
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Heat Transfer

This study is focused on searching for alternative coolants to improve overall performance of the radiator. To enhance the cooling rate, increasing the surface area by addition of fins was the earliest approach but this approach of increasing heat transfer already reached its limit. Water and water mixed with anti-freezing agents such as ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) are the traditional coolants for automotive radiator. Recently nano fluid have been proposed as coolant for automotive radiator. However, operation and long term stability are major challenges for nano fluid. Hence, the search for alternative coolant is not ending. Sugar cane juice, which has very similar freezing and boiling points with water, may be used as an alternative coolant. A study is conducted using sugar cane juice, ethylene glycol and water as coolants, CFD as well as experimental analysis is also done.

Keywords : CFD, Ethylene Glycol (EG), Sugarcane Juice

Recent

[1] Rashmi Rekha SAHOO, Pradyumna GHOSH, Jahar SARKAR, Performance comparison of various coolants for louvered fin tube automotive radiator International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Volume 105, Pages 1-846 (February 2017) [2] Datta N. Mehtre, Sandeep S. Kore, Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer from Car Radiator Using Nano fluids International journal of Mechanical engineering and computer applications vol2, issue 4 July-August 2014 [3] D. Bohne, S. Fischer, and E. Obermeier, Thermal Conductivity, Density, Viscosity, and Prandtl-Numbers of Ethylene Glycol-Water Mixtures Institut fur Fluid- und Thermodynamik, Universitat - GH Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-StraRe 9 - 11, D-5900 Siegen, Federal Republic of Germany [4] G.N. Tiwari, Sanjeev Kumar & Om Prakash, Study of heat and mass transfer from sugarcane juice for evaporation ELSEVIER Desalination 159 (2003) 81-96 [5] S.N. Sridhara, S.R. Shankapal and V. Umesh Babu, CFD analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a single tube-fin arrangement of an automotive radiator International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2005 (ICME2005) 28- 30 December 2005, Dhaka, Bangladesh ICME05-FL-24 [6] Zailer Astolfi-Filho, Eduardo Basílio de Oliveira, Jane Sélia dos Reis Coimbra & Javier Telis-Romero, Friction factors, convective heat transfer coefficients and the Colburn analogy for industrial sugarcane juices ELSEVIER Biochemical Engineering Journal 60(2012) 111-118 [7] Sang Hyuk Lee, Nahmkeon Hur and Seongwon Kang, An efficient method to predict the heat transfer performance of a louver fin radiator in an automotive power system Springer Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (1) (2014) 145~155 August 6, (2013)

Title
:
Experimental Investigation on Strength Behaviour between GFRP & Steel Bars Reinforced in Columns
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
M. Priyashagadevan, Valliammai Engineering College; K. A. Kalaiarasi ,Valliammai Engineering College
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
GFRP Bars

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is a composite material, which consist of polyester thermosetting resin as matrix and glass fibers as reinforcement. Pultrusion technique is used to fabricate GFRP products in various continuous forms of structural sections such as box, I-, H-, and plates, which are similar as steel sections. The use of GFRP member in structures is relatively becoming more important especially in constructions. It was observed that the current required technical and design data of pultruded GFRP sections was rather limited especially about material properties and structural performance. This study was conducted experimentally to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of the GFRP.

Keywords : Non-Corrosive Material, Compression Strength, Split Tensile Strength of GFRP Bars

Recent

[1] Afifi, M. Z., Mohamed, H., and Benmokrane, B., [2013a]. ―Axial Capacity of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals. ‖ Journal of Composites for Construction, in press. [2] American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 440, [2006]. Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars, ACI 440.1R-06, Farmington Hills, Mich. [3] Issa, M. S., Metwally, I. M., and Elzeiny, S. M. [2011]. ―Structural Performance of Eccentrically Loaded GFRP Reinforced Concrete Columns. ‖ International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2(1), 395–404. [4] Lotfy, E. M. [2010]. ―Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Short Columns with Fiber Reinforced Polymers Bars.” International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1 (3), 545-557. [5] Mirmiran, A. and Shahawy, M., [1997]. "Behavior of Concrete Columns Confined by Fiber Composites." Journal of Structural Engineering, 123 (5), 583-590. [6] Zadeh, J. H., and Nanni, A. [2013]. ―Design of RC Columns using Glass FRP Reinforcement.‖ Journal of Composite for Construction, 17(3), 294-304.

Title
:
AQUA- Aqua Quality and Utility Analysis
Article Type
:
Conference Article
Author Name(s)
:
Reshma Mohandas, SAINTGITS College of Engineering; Bijil Georgy Cherian ,SAINTGITS College of Engineering; Jithu Rajan Jacob ,SAINTGITS College of Engineering; Jithin Jacob ,SAINTGITS College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Water Quality Analysis using Data analysis

Now a days, one of the major problems, faced by our society is the scarcity of fresh water. In the present scenario, we are unaware about the water resources in our area, and the quality of water in it and also list out the classes to which the water sources belong to, based on quality and also provide methods to improve the quality of water. This information is updated by Government employed officials whom we call volunteers, and is issued for the public. With AQUA, we intent to make a system, that stores details about water resources in an area. The details include the quality of water along with methods to improve the quality, which is based on the present quality of water. The system consists of a web application and an android application and contains three modules. Admin, Volunteer, User.

Keywords : AQUA

Recent

[1] Hao Liao and Wen Sun, “Forecasting and Evaluating Water quality of Chao Lake based on an Improved Decision Tree Method”, International Society for Environmental Information Sciences, Procedia Environmental Sciences 2, 970-979, 2010. [2] Miao Qun, Gao Ying, Liu Zhiqiang and Tan Xiaohui , “Application of Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index in Water Quality Assessment of River”, Global Congress on Intelligent System , 2009. [3] Jin-Suo LU, Ting-Lin HUANG and Chun-Yan WANG, “Data Mining on Source Water quality (Tiajin,China) for forecasting Algea Bloom Based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN)”, World Congress on Computer Science and Information Science, 2009. [4] Natarajan Venkat Kumar, Samson Mathew and Ganapathiram Swaminathan, “A Hybrid Approach towards the Assessment of GroundWater Quality for Potability: A Fuzzy Logic and GIS Based Case Study of Tiruchirappalli City, India” , Journal of Geographic Information System, 2, 152-162, 2010. [5] Ji-hong Zhou, Biao Zhang, Cai-Lian Hao, Chang-jun Zhu, Jun-guang Zhao, “The Fuzzy Evalutaion of Surface Water Quality in LiuJiaZhuang of QingZhang River”, International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, 2009. [6] Pierre Accorsi, Nathalie Lalande, Mick¨ ael Fabr`egue, Arnaud Sallaberry, Flavie Cernesson , “HydroQual: Visual Analysis of River Water Quality”,2014 [7] Dr. Shobha G. ,” Water Quality Prediction Using Data Mining techniques: [8] A Survey”, International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 6 June, 2014 Page No. 6299-630

Title
:
Effect of Dimples on Aircraft Wing
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Prasath M S, J.J. College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu; Irish Angelin ,Apollo Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Aircraft Wings

Dimples behave as protrusions on the surface of the wing. These protrusions generate vortices that reduce the flow separation on the suction side of the wing. This delays and reduces the chord-wise boundary layer growth rate. The work in this paper describes the experimental analysis carried out on a symmetrical wing which will reduce the drag and delay the flow separation point over the upper surface wing by using the dimple effect. The experimental results support the dimple effect by increasing L/D ratio which also increases the maneuverability of an aircraft. This also provides the maximum aerodynamic efficiency which enhances the performance for an aircraft. The airfoil is tested under different angle of attack (0˚, 5˚, 10˚ and 15˚) at the inlet velocity of 18m/s and 33m/s. Experimental testing is carried out in the low speed open type subsonic wind tunnel.

Keywords : Dimple Effect, Drag, Flow Separation, L/D Ratio

Recent

[1] Aerodynamic Analysis of Dimple Effect on Aircraft Wing, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 [2] Anthony C.Occhipinti (1998), “More speed with less noise by” January 17 in Aviation Sports. [3] Brett Burglund and Ryan Street, (May 2011) “Golf Ball Flight Dynamics”. [4] Bruce D. Kothmann, (January 2007) “Aerodynamics of Sports Balls”. [5] Chowdhury.H, (2010) “A comparative study of golf ball aerodynamics”. [6] DAVIES, J.M., “The aerodynamics of golf balls”, J of Applied Physics, 1949, 20, (9), PP 821-828. [7] Deepanshu Srivastav (2012), “Flow control over airfoil using different shaped dimples” IPCSIT vol.33. [8] Jhon Louis Vento, (2011) “Analysis of Surface Augmentation of Airfoil Sections via Flow Visualization Techniques”. [9] Livya E, Anitha G, Valli P, “Aerodynamic Analysis of Dimple Effect on Aircraft Wing” International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol.9, No.2,2015. [10] Mohanasaravanan P S “Flow analysis around the dimple wing on aircraft” International Journal of Engineering Research Online, A peer Reviewed International Journal, Vol.3, No.2, 2015. [11] Riley J.Norman (2010), “Don’t be a drag: The effect of dimples on an airplane wing” california state science fair 2010 project number J0121. [12] Saarang S. Mahamuni, “A Review on study of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Dimple Effect on Wing” International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Vol.2, No.4, July 2015. [13] STORMS, B.L., “Lift enhancement of an aerofoil using a gurney flaps and vortex generators”, J Aircr, 1994, 31, (3), PP 542-547. [14] Thamodharan B , Shaik Mohamed Nagutha G, Sacraties A , Devaki P Moses Devaprasanna M “Numerical Analysis of Effect of Dimples on Aerodynamics of an Airfoil” (ICEIET - 2016).

Title
:
Piston Rod Defect Analysis and Actions to Overcome the Defects
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Sanat Sanjay Jambhalekar, NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Ambegoan Bk, Pune; Yogesh Sanjay Khawale ,NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Ambegoan Bk, Pune; Suraj Shriram Kale ,NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Ambegoan Bk, Pune; Sanjog Chandrakant Jagadale ,NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Ambegoan Bk, Pune; Prof. V. H. Patil ,NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, Ambegoan Bk, Pune
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Material Science & Metallurgy

Nitriding is a case hardening thermo-chemical process used in many applications today. Nowadays, the improvement of ferrous materials performance is a problem of high interest. One of well known wear and corrosion properties improving technique is plasma nitriding, in which elemental nitrogen is introduced to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. As a result, a compound, “white” layer and a diffusion zone are formed at the surface. A literature research was done in order to study the nitriding mechanism and different nitriding methods used in industry. This paper is related to piston rod porosity defect. Porosity i.e. small pits are ocurred on piston rod surface after plamsa nitriding. The material used here is AISI 4340 steel. Plasma nitriding of alloy steel, grade AISI 4340, was carried out at different temperatures, keeping other processing parameters constant. But defect is not reduced. So alternative methods, materials, defect minimization techniques,defect causes & its minimization are discussed in this paper. The experiments were carried out on piston rod samples which were plasma nitrided with formation of varying amount of thickness of compound white layer and maintaining diffusion layer depth the same. The characterization of samples was done in respect of chemical composition, microstructure & micro-hardness. The characterization of the plasma nitride samples was carried out using different analysis techniques X-ray diffraction, SEM. Metallographic and chemical analysis were done in order to determine the influence of microstructure defects on the hardness plasma nitrided steel in industrial conditions. The microstructure was observed by optical microscope before and after each nitriding method. The hardness of specimens was measured before and after each treatment. The effect of temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and microstructure was investigated along with their corrosion resistance.

Keywords : Plasma nitriding, AISI 4340 steel, AISI 4140 steel, hardness, porosity defect, .

Recent

[1] V. D. Kotagire Material Science and Metallurgy [2] ASM International Handbook [3] Fundamentals of Nitriding and Nitrocarburising ASM International Handbook [4] Introduction to Surface Hardening of Steel, ASM International Handbook [5] http://www.makeitfrom.com

Title
:
Design of Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller for Network Control System
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Meghana Singh, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur; Dr. Shailja Shukla ,Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Network Control System

Network control system (NCSs) are used for controlling remote plants via shared –band data communication networks. Due to some problems like communication time delay, data packet loss, network interference, signals jamming, it’s difficult to achieve a satisfactory result when using the conventional control algorithm. In this paper, focusing on the above problems in Network Control Systems, a new kind of controller is designed that is the “Fuzzy PID” controller. When compared with conventional PID controller the dynamic performance of proposed “Fuzzy PID” controller is improved in terms of overshoot, settling time . This suggested design has been applied to control the speed of DC Servomotor as a remote plant using MATLAB SIMULATION. Thus the results shows that the designed controller used in this paper can increase the adaptability of the system and obtain a better control effect.

Keywords : Network Control System, PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic, Smith Compensator, DC Servomotor

Recent

[1] Gupta R. A., Mo-Yuen Chow, “Networked Control System: Overview and Research Trends,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 2527-2535, 2010. [2] Hespanha J P, Naghshtabrizi P, Yonggang Xu. “A survey of recent results in Networked Control Systems” [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007, 95(1): 138-162. [3] Luck R, Ray A. “An observer-based compensator for distribute delay” [J]. Automatica, 1990, 26(5): 903-908. [4] Lincoln B, Bemhardsson B. “Optimal control over networks with long random delays” [C]. Proceedings of the fourteenth international symposium on mathematical theory of networks and systems, 2000: 885-890. [5] Hu S S, Zhu Q X. “Stochastic optimal control and analysis of stability of networked control systems with long delay” [J]. Automatica, 2003, 39(11): 1877-1884. [6] Chien-Liang Lai, Pau-Lo Hsu, Bor-ChyunnWang. “Design of the adaptive Smith predictor for the time-varying network control system”[C]. SICE Annual Conference, 2008: 2933-2938. [7] Dong Yue, Han Qing-long, James Lam. “Network-based robust H

Title
:
Design & Modeling of Automatic Phase Changer
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, G.E.C. Jagdalpur , Chhattisgarh,India; Prashant Singh Rajpoot ,; Sanjay Kumar Singhai ,G.E.C. Jagdalpur , Chhattisgarh,India; Naven Prakash Singh ,G.E.C. Jagdalpur , Chhattisgarh,India
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Automatic Phase Changer

Automation plays a predominant role in the modern scientific world. Automatic phase changer finds application in small offices, residences where single phase equipments are used during phase failure, this unit automatically take the available phase lines and distribute to the non-available phase lines. The circuit is built around a transformer, micro-controller, voltage divider, & relay. Three identical sets of the circuit, one for each of three phases are used .The power supply provided to the transformers is stepped down at the level of 12volt which is rectified by the diodes and filtered by a capacitor to produce the ripple free operating voltage. Depending upon the voltage at the output of IC the relay gets energized or de-energized and with this phase can be chooses. Using Automatic phase changer we can operate all our equipment when the voltage in any of the phase fluctuates from rated voltage.

Keywords : Automatic Phase Changer (APC), Micro-Controller, Voltage Divider, Relay, IC

Recent

[1] Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, Prashant Singh Rajpoot and Durga Sharma,” Power system Stability Improvement using Fact Devices”,International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03, Issue. 11, June-2014, Pages: 2374-2379. [2] Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, Prashant singh Rajpoot and Durga Sharma,“Summarization of Loss Minimization Using FACTS in Deregulated Power System”, International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03, Issue.05,April & May-2014,Pages:0774-0778. [3] Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, Prashant Singh Rajpoot and Durga Sharma, “Voltage Sag Mitigation in Distribution Line using DSTATCOM” International Journal of ScienceEngineering and Technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03, Issue.11, April June-2014, Pages: 2351-2354. [4] Prashant Singh Rajpoot, Sharad Chandra Rajpoot and Durga Sharma, “Review and utility of FACTS controller for traction system”, International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03, Issue.08, May-2014, Pages: 1343-1348. [5] Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, Prashant Singh Rajpoot and Durga Sharma, “A typical PLC Application in Automation”, International Journal of Engineering research and TechnologyISSN 2278-0181 Vol.03, Issue.6, June-2014. [6] Iba K. (1994) ‘Reactive power optimization by genetic algorithms’, IEEE Trans on power systems, May, Vol.9, No.2, pp.685-692. [7] Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, Prashant Singh Rajpoot and Durga Sharma,“21st century modern technology of reliable billing system by using smart card based energy meter”,International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology research,ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.05,April & May-2014,Pages:0840-0844. [8] Prashant singh Rajpoot , Sharad Chandra Rajpoot and Durga Sharma,“wireless power transfer due to strongly coupled magnetic resonance”, international Journal of Science Engineering and Technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,.05,April & May-2014,Pages:0764-0768.

Title
:
Review Study of Waste Heat Recovery using Refrigeration System
Article Type
:
Reveiw Article
Author Name(s)
:
Prashant .S. Pathak, Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Technical Campus (SRTTC) Faculty of Engineering; Harshal. J. Badhe ,Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Technical Campus (SRTTC) Faculty of Engineering; Kunal. A. Chhattiskar ,Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Technical Campus (SRTTC) Faculty of Engineering; Pratik. P. Thakur ,Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Technical Campus (SRTTC) Faculty of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Waste Heat Recovery, Refrigerator System

Energy crisis all over the world compelled us to take necessary steps to reduce energy consumption. Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of use of refrigerants and for the protection of global environment This waste heat will affect the environmental conditions because as heat in the environment will increases it will cause global warming and also not good for our ozone layer too. By saving energy we balance the demand & supply of electricity. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery system. We have tried to make a cabinet to recover waste heat from condenser from refrigeration system by storing a heat in an insulated cabinet. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is more useful for domestic purpose. Basically domestic refrigerator is used to store perishable goods like vegetables, fruits, milk and other beverages etc. All domestic refrigerators use air cooled finned condenser on backside. As domestic refrigerators reject large heat inside room which make us uncomfortable in summer due to temperature rise inside the room. So it is now essential to store this heat inside an insulated cabinet to utilize it for different purposes. Stored heat is used for keeping food hot, heating water which may be used for different purposes.

Keywords : Waste Heat Recovery, Vapour Compression System, Refrigerator, Air Cooled Condenser, Saving Energy

Recent

[1] P. Elumalai, R. Vijayan, K.K. Ramasamy And M. Premkumar., Experimental Study on Energy Recovery from Condenser Unit of Small Capacity Domestic Refrigerator., Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research., Volume: 23., ISSN 1990-9233., year: 2015., Page: 417-420. [2] S. C. Walawade, B.R. Barve, P. R. Kulkarni., Design And Development Of Waste Heat Recovery System For Domestic Refrigerator., Iosr Journal Of Mechanical And Civil Engineering (Iosr-Jmce)., Issn: 2278-1684., Year: June 2014., Page: 28-32. [3] A. M. Vibhute, Avinash M. Patil., Waste Heat Recovery In Domestic Refrigerator. , International Engineering Research Journal (Ierj). , ISSN 2395-1621. , Year: November 2015. , Special Issue Page 131-133. [4] Lakshya Soni, Pawan Kumar & Rahul Goyal., A Review on Waste Heat Recovery From Domestic Refrigerator., Imperial Journal Of Interdisciplinary Research (Ijir)., Vol-2., Issue-8., Year: 2016. [5] Sreejith K., T.R. Sreesastha Ram, Mossas V.J, Nidhin M.J, Nithil E.S., Experimental Investigation Of Waste Heat Recovery System For Household Refrigerator; Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science., Vol.6., Issue 4., Year:April 2016., Page: 19-23. [6] Tanaji Balawant Shinde, Shailendra V. Dhanal, Shirish S. Mane., Experimental Investigation Of Waste Heat Recovery System For Domestic Refrigerator., International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering And Technology (Ijmet)., Volume 5., Issue 8., August 2014.,., Pp. 73-83. [7] N. B. Chaudhari, P. N. Chaudhar., Heat Recovery System From The Condenser Of A Refrigerator – An Experimental Analysis; International Journal On Theoretical And Applied Research In Mechanical Engineering (Ijtarme) Issn (Print): 2319-3182, Volume -4, Issue-2., Year:2015. [8] P. Sarat Babu, Prof. N. Hari Babu., Experimental Study Of A Domestic Refrigerator/Freezer Using Variable Condenser Length; International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (Ijert)., Vol. 2., Issue 12., Year: 2013.

Title
:
Voltage Control in a Power System with the Help of Reactive Power Control
Article Type
:
Case Study
Author Name(s)
:
Gajjar Anand R, RK University
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Reactive Power Control

To deliver the active power (watt) through the transmission lines, the reactive power (Var) is necessary to maintain the voltage. In case of voltage sag reactive power support, voltage can be restored. Also, to regulate the power factor of the system and maintain voltage stability, we need to replenish the reactive power. Due to the decrease in the load voltage and the change in the load, the change in the voltage level in the system causes the increase in the demand for reactive power. If this demand is not completed by the electricity system, then the voltage decreases again. Due to the voltage of these components, there is a rapid decrease in the voltage at a particular location. The lack of this voltage of the special place will have an effect on the surrounding areas, which can be due to further voltage collapse. This project describes a model in which a coordinated and interconnected set was placed in the form of controlled shunt and series elements. For each device, functional features, specific settings and controls, and simulation examples are presented. The model is capable of representing almost any facts device for power-flow and all type of simulation.

Keywords : Matlab/Simulink and Power-World

Recent

[1] C. L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power Systems, New Age International Publishers, 2009 [2] M. McGranagan: “Effects of Voltage Sags in Process Industry Applications”, Invited paper SPT IS 01-2, presented at the IEEE/KTH Stockholm Power Tech Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 18-22 1995 [3] IEEE TASK FORCE:’ Proposed terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)’ IEEE Trans.on power delivery, Vol.12, No.4, 2005 [4] Prabha Kundur, John Preseba, Definition and classification of power system stability, IEEE transcations on power system year 2008.

Title
:
Books4Geeks
Article Type
:
Reveiw Article
Author Name(s)
:
Arushi Gupta, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology; Karan Goel, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology; Mr. Bhaskar Kapoor, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology used to add a virtual image or an object onto a real image. It is done with the help of a camera or glasses specially designed for AR.

Keywords : Image Tracking, Marker Recognition, Augmented Reality, Virtual Image Superimposition, Novel, Vuforia, Text Recognition

Recent

[1] Li L, Yang J, Chu Y, Wu W, Xue J, et al. (2016) A Novel Augmented Reality Navigation System for Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: A Feasibility Study. PLOS ONE 11(1): e0146996. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146996 [2] Ming Zhu , Fei Liu , Gang Chai , Jun J. Pan , Taoran Jiang , Li Lin , Yu Xin , Yan Zhang , Qingfeng Li. (2017) A novel augmented reality system for displaying inferior alveolar nerve bundles in maxillofacial Surgery [3] Rolland JP, Wright DL, Kancherla AR. Towards a novel augmented-reality tool to visualize dynamic 3-D anatomy. Stud Health Technol Inform. 1997; 39:337-48. PubMed PMID: 10168929. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_(game_engine) [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK

Title
:
Lung Pattern Classification for Interstitial Lung Disease using ANN-BPN and Fuzzy Clustering
Article Type
:
Conference Article
Author Name(s)
:
P. Santhoshini, R.M.D Engineering College, Sathiesh. K, R.M.D Engineering College
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Bio Medical Image Processing

The lungs are the primary organs of respiration in humans. The function of the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange.The tissue of the lungs can be affected by a number of diseases, including pneumonia and lung cancer. Chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema can be related to smoking or exposure to harmful substances. Diseases such as bronchitis can also affect the respiratory track. The diseases such as pleural effusion and normal lung are detected and classified. computer aided classification Method in Computer Tomography (CT)presents the Images of lungs developed using ANN-BPN. To detect and classify the lung diseases by effective feature extraction through Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and GLCM Features. The entire lung is segmented from the CT Images and the parameters like Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy are calculated from the segmented image using GLCM. ANN-Back Propagation Network is designed for classification of ILD patterns. It can be achieved by neural network training tools. The parameters give the maximum classification Accuracy. Finally, the Fuzzy clustering is used to segment the lesion part from abnormal lung. It can be given by Performance metrics chart. This chart contains various progressions like epoch, time, performance, gradient, mu, validation check values.

Keywords : Segment Lesion, Fuzzy Clustering, DTCWT, ANN-BPN

Recent

[1] Demedts M and Costabel U”ATS/ERS International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias” ,in European respiratory journal 19’, 2002,Vol.5 pp.794-796. [2] Depeursinge A, Van de Ville D, Platon A,Geissbuhler A, Poletti P A and Muller H” Near-Affine-Invariant Texture Learning for Lung Tissue Analysis using Isotropic Wavelet Frames”, IEEE Transaction information Technology Bio Medical Imaging,2012,Vol.16,No.8,pp.665-675. [3] Gangeh, Mehrdad, J, LaugeSorenson, SaherB. Shaker, Mohamed S Kamel, Marleen, De Bruijne and Marco Loog” A Textron-Based Approach for the Classification of Lung Parenchyma in CT images”, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-AssistedIntervention-MICCAI,2010,PP.595-602,Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [4] Heitmann K R, Kauczor H, Mildenburger, Uthmann T,Perl J and Thalen M” Automatic Detection of Ground Glass Opacities on lung HRCT using multiple neural networks”, European radiology,1997,Vol.7,No.9,pp.1463-1472. [5] Korfiatis P D, Karahaliou A N, Kazantzi A D,Kalogeropoulou C , Daoussis and Costaridou L I” Texture Based Identification and Characterization of Interstitial Pneumonia Patterns in Lung Multidetector CT”,2010,IEEE Transactions information Technology BioMedical Imaging,Vol.14,No.7,pp.675-680. [6] Lecun Y,Bottou L,Bengio Y and Haffner P” Gradient Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition”, Proc.IEEE,1998,Vol.86,No.11,pp.2278-2323. [7] Marios Anthimopoulos,Stergios Christodoulidis, Lukas Ebner, Andreas Christe and Stavroula Mougiakakou” Lung Pattern Classification for Interstitial Lung Disease Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network”, IEEE Transactions on medical imaging,2016Vol.35,No.5,pp.1207-1216. [8] Sluimer I, Schilham A,Prokap M and Van Ginneken B” Computer Analysis of Computer Tomography Scans of Lung: A survey “,IEEE Transactions on medical imaging,2006,Vol.25,No.4,pp.385-405. [9] Song Y ,Cai.W,Zhou Y and Feng D D” Feature Based Image Patch Approximation For Lung Tissue Classsification”,IEEETransactions on medical imaging,2013,Vol.32,No.4,pp.797-808. [10] Wei Zhao, Rui Xu,Yasushi Hirano,Rie Tachibana and Shoji Kido” Classification of Diffuse Lung Diseases Patterns by a Sparse Representation Based Method on HRCT Images" ,35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS,2013,pp.5457-5460.

Title
:
Studies on Properties of Al-Sic MMCs for Making Valves for Automobile Components - A Technical Review
Article Type
:
Reveiw Article
Author Name(s)
:
Nilamkumar S. Patel, RAI University; Dr A. D. Patel ,Charusat university; Vikas Rai ,
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Casting of Aluminium

Material science and Engineering has experienced a tremendous growth in the field of micron and Nano composites developed with enhanced chemical, mechanical and physical properties. Aluminum based Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are appropriate material for engineering sector which are prepared by powder metallurgy and casting method. The present work describe that Al-SiC composite as possible alternate materials with its unique capacity to give required properties for different engineering applications. In this paper, describe the microstructure of Al-6061-T6 (Aluminum alloy) and SiC- 1200 mesh (Silicon carbide powder) composites having 0, 5, & 15 volume percentage are produced by Stir casting method (Liquid metallurgy Route). Mechanical Tests like microstructure, Hardness, Strength etc. will be conducted. After developing MMCs compared properties with various existing material and result revealed that can use this composite material for making valves.

Keywords : MMCs, Stir Casting Method, Valves, Properties

Recent

[1] S. B. Rayjadhav, Dr. V. R. Naik, “Characteristic of developed Al-6061-SiC metal matrix composite produced by the stir casting method”, International journal of Innovative research in science and engineering (2016), Vol. No. 2, Issue 03. [2] R. S. Rana, Rajesh Purhit, V. K. Soni, and S. Das. “Characterization of mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum alloys-sic composites”, 4th international conference on materials processing and characterization, published in materials todays processing 2(2015) page 1149-1156. [3] R. S. Rana, Rajesh Purhit, V. K. Soni, and S. Das. “Development and wear analysis of Al –Nano Sic composite automotive cam”, 4th international conference on materials processing and characterization published in materials today: Processing 2 (2015) page 3586-3592. [4] Dinesh kumar koli, Geeta agnihotri and rajesh purohit. “Advanced Aluminium Matrix Composite: The Critical Need of Automotive and Aerospace Engineering Fields, Materials today: proceeding 2 (2015) 3032-3041. [5] P. B. Pawar and Abhay A. Utpat. “Development of Aluminum based silicon carbide particulate metal matrix composite for spur gear”, 3Rd international conference on materials and processing and characterization (ICMPC 2014) published in procedia materials science 6 (2014) page 1150-1156.

Title
:
An Assessment of Parking Demand and Facilities of Rajkot Regional Bus Stand
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Thakor Keyurkumar Maheshchandra, Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science- Rajkot; Mr. M. R. Bhatt ,Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science- Rajkot
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Transportation Planning

Each medium of transportation involves three necessary elements, without which it cannot operate effectively: the vehicle, the right-of-way, and the terminal. For water transportation, these essentials consist of the vessels, waterways, and port facilities; for railroad transportation, trains, tracks, and stations; for air transport, planes, airways and airports. Similarly, the elements of motor transportation are vehicle, the road, and a place to park at the end of the trip. Parking space availability is one of the most serious issues in most of the cities. The increase in heavy population in cities has resulted in increase in the travel demand. The study area is Rajkot GSRTC Bus stand area which in turn generates high parking demand. The basis of study is parking demand along the Rajkot ST Bus stand. The license plate method will conducted for collecting the data of current conditions for improving services. The parking management strategies like short term, medium term and long term, the way that can be implemented are discussed. To solve the current parking problem and solutions which are used to recommend that will manage the parking facility of off-street parking. But based on the future parking demand in the study area long term parking management can also be suggested, such as provision of Multistory Parking.

Keywords : Public Transport, Parking Facilities Parking Demand and Forecast, Parking Lot, Parking Solution

Recent

[1] Cheng Tiexina, Tai Miaomiaoa, Ma Zeb (2012) studied “The Model of Parking Demand Forecast for the Urban CCD”. [2] Junbin Xua, Zhiyong Zhanga , Jian Ronga(2012) studied “The Forecasting Model of Bicycle Parking Demand onCampus Teaching and Office District” [3] Meet K. Hingrajia, Pratik D. Vagadia, Vidhi H. Khokhani (2015) studied “Parking Management Blueprints for Rajkot - Solution to Urban Transport Problem.”. [4] Jaydipsinh P. Chudasama, Dr. L.B.Zala (2012) have stuided “Parking Evaluation: A Case Study of Amul Dairy Road anand”

Title
:
Mathematical Modelling of Switched Reluctance Motor
Article Type
:
Research Article
Author Name(s)
:
Anupam Sharma, Goa College of Engineering; Jayesh Priolkar ,Goa College of Engineering
Country
:
India
Research Area
:
Switched Reluctance Motor Design, Finite Element Analysis

The SRM is a doubly salient machine with very high torque to inertia ratio and high fault tolerant capability. SRM is widely used in low, medium and high power drives and high speed drives. This paper describe a mathematical model of switched reluctance motor and its working principle. In addition to this the model is created in SOLIDWORKS and simulated in ANSYS environment.

Keywords : SRM, Switched Reluctance Motor, BLDC

Recent

[1] R.krishnan, “Switched Reluctance Motor drives modelling”, London, CRC press, 2001. [2] Zhang and Li, “Numerical and Analytical modelling of Switched Reluctance Machine”, Journal of computers, Vol.7, No 12, Dec 2012. [3] Somesan and Emil, “simple analytical model of switched reluctance motor for design and control purpose”, journal of computer science and control system, Vol-4, No-1, May 2011 [4] Umar & Hilwadi, “modelling & simulation of switched reluctance motor based on COMSOL”2013 IEEE,DOI-10.1109/AIMS.2013.67