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To figure out the best baffle cut to obtain the maximum overall heat transfer coefficient for the better performance of shell and tube heat exchanger. Methods: To identify the best relation between the baffle cut and overall heat transfer coefficient, six different baffle cut varies from 15% to 40% were taken at the same mass of fluid. To analyze thermal design and overall heat transfer coefficient HTRI was used. To find out the relation between the baffle cut to overall heat transfer coefficient, we generated 2d profile corresponding to length and 3d profile for local heat transfer coefficient. We compared all six design variations to analyze the variation in overall heat transfer coefficient. After comparison of all six variations we figured out optimum relationship between Baffle cut and Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient. Result shows that at a particular cut the rate of heat transfer is the maximum. We found that 25% baffle cut is the optimum cut for single segmental baffle, this provides best combination of shell side velocity and B stream and generate enough turbulence for better heat transfer coefficient. It is also demonstrating good distribution of heat transfer in all localities of heat exchanger. If we decrease the baffle cut, it may increase turbulence but leads to decrease the shell side velocity and B stream, this results the less heat transfer coefficient. Similarly, by increasing the baffle cut there is increase in shell side velocity and B stream, but due to less turbulence less heat transferred. So there is less heat transfer coefficient. Thus for beat the performance of heat exchanger and optimum heat transfer coefficient, there should be best combination of all effective variables

Keywords : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger, Baffle, Segmental Baffle, Helical Baffle, Overall Performance

Recent

[1] Li, H., Kottke, (2017), “Effect of baffle spacing on pressure drop and local heat transfer in shell and tube heat exchangers for staggered tube arrangement”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 41 10, pp. 1303–1311. [2] Aceves-Saborio, S., Ranasinghe, J., and Reistad, G. M., (2017), “Extension to the Irreversibility Minimization Analysis Applied to Heat Exchangers,” ASME J. Heat Transfer. [3] Bin Gao, Qincheng Bi & Miao Gui (2016), “Experimental performance comparison of shell-side heat transfer for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with different helical baffles”, Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering, 1151300. [4] Yonghua You, Yuqi Chen, Mengqian Xie, Xiaobing Luo, Lan Jiao, Suyi Huang (2015), “Numerical simulation and performance improvement for a small size shell-and-tubeheat exchanger with trefoil-hole baffles” Journal of applied thermal engineering.06.012 [5] Jie Yang, Wei Liu (2015), “Numerical investigation on a novel shell-and-tube heat exchanger with plate baffles and experimental validation” Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering, 1150471 [6] Jian Wen, Huizhu Yang, Simin Wang, Yulan Xue, Xin Tong (2014), “Experimental investigation on performance comparison for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with different baffles” Journal of applied energy, 11.47.271 [7] J.J. Liu, Z.C. Liu, W. Liu (2014), “3D numerical study on shell side heat transfer and flow characteristics of rod-baffle heat exchangers with spirally corrugated tubes” International journal of thermal sciences. [8] Qiuwang Wang, Qiuyang Chen, Guidong Chen, Min Zeng (2013), “Numerical investigation on combined multiple shellpass shell-and-tube heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles” International journal of thermal sciences. 0017-9310 [9] Mehdi Bahiei, Morteza Hangi, Mahdi Saeedan (2012), “A novel application for energy efficiency improvement using nanofluid in shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with helical baffles”Journal of energy. 0360-5442 [10] Professor Sunilkumar Shinde, Mustansir Hatim Pancha (2012) ,“Comparative Thermal performance of shell and tube heat Exchanger with continuous helical baffle using” ,International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA). [11] Jian-Feng Yang, Min Zeng, Qiu-Wang Wang (2012) “Numerical investigation on shell-side performances of combined parallel and serial two shell-pass shell-and-tube heat exchangers with continuous helical baffles” Journal of energy. [12] Usman Ur Ehman , G¨oteborg, Sweden (2011), “Heat Transfer Optimization of Shell-and-Tube & Heat Exchanger through CFD”. Master’s Thesis. [13] Jian-Fei Zhang, Ya-Ling He, Wen-Quan Tao (2011), “3d numerical simulation of shell and tube heat exchanger with middle-overlapped helical baffle”, A journal, School of energy and power engineering [14] McClintock, F. A., (2010), “The Design of Heat Exchangers for Minimum Irreversibility,” Presented at the ASME Annual Meeting, Paper No. 51-A-108. [15] Bejan, A. (2010), “Concept of Irreversibility in Heat Exchanger Design: Counterflow Heat Exchangers for Gas-to-Gas Applications,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, pp. 374–380. [16] Khairun Hasmadi Othman,(2009)“CFD simulation of heat transfer in shell and tube heat exchnager”, A thesis submitted in fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor in chemical Engineering (Gas Technology). [17] Thirumarimurugan, M., Kannadasan, T., Ramasamy, E. (2008), Performance Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Miscible System, American Journal of Applied Sciences 5, pp. 548-552. [18] Fakheri, A. (2006), “Thermal Efficiency of the Cross Flow Heat Exchangers,” Proceedings of the 2006 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), Chicago, IL, November 5–10. [19] Mohamed, H. A., (2006), “Entropy Generation in Counter Flow Heat Exchangers,”ASME J. Heat Transfer, pp. 87–92 [20] Emerson, W.H., (2005), “Shell-side pressure drop and heat transfer with turbulent flow in segmentally baffled shell-tube heat exchangers”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 6, pp. 649–66. [21] Shah, R. K., and Skiepko, T., (2004), “Entropy Generation Extrema and Their Relationship With Heat Exchanger Effectiveness—Number of Transfer Unit Behavior for Complex Flow Arrangements,” ASME J. Heat Transfer,pp. 994–1002. [22] Ogiso, K., (2004), “Duality of Heat Exchanger Performance in Balanced Counter-Flow Systems,” ASME J. Heat Transfer,pp. 530–532. [23] Fakheri, A., (2003), “Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference and the Concept of Heat Exchanger Efficiency,” Proceedings of the 2003 ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, July 21–23, Paper No. HT2003-47360. [24] Fakheri, A., (2003), “The Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Efficiency and its Relation to Effectiveness,” Proceedings of the 2003 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), Washington, D.C., November 16–21. [25] Fakheri, A., (2003), “An Alternative Approach for Determining Log Mean Temperature Difference Correction Factor and Number of Shells in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers,” J. Enhanced Heat Transfer, pp. 407–420. [26] Haseler, L.E., Wadeker, V.V., Clarke, R.H. (2002), "Flow Distribution Effect in a Plate and Frame Heat Exchanger", IChemE Symposium Series , No. 129, pp. 361-367. [27] Diaper, A.D. and Hesler, L.E., (2000), "Crossflow Pressure Drop and Flow Distributions within a Tube Bundle Using Computational Fluid Dynamic", Proc. 9th Proc. 9th Heat Transfer Conf., pp. 235-240

The wearable devices have long been used for various factors like for personal security purpose, for detecting multiple health parameters such as sleep apnea, blood pressure etc. Smartphones have become one of the necessary gadgets of our daily routine. So we can use its potential to make our lives more efficient and advanced. This project is specially built considering the handicapped peoples’ needs which describes the Android Application that will continuously monitor the pulse rate of the user & collect the data. The user just needs to press the power button on the smartphone for the predefined time to send this data to the nearest people whenever he/she will feel insecure or weak. The location of the user will be sent through the text message in an emergency situation and also alarm will generate. This message includes the pulse rate details, contact number and changes in the location of handicapped people so that further emergency actions will be taken. The GPS system and KNN algorithm are be used to finding out the nearest people of the user.

Keywords : (K Nearest Neighbors) KNN, (Global Positioning System) GPS, heart rate, Arduino, photoplethysmography (PPG)

Recent

[1] Raluca Marinescu, Anișor Nedelcu, “Smartphone Application for Heart Rate Monitoring”, the 6th IEEE International Conference on E-Health and Bioengineering - EHB 2017 [2] Jatin Arora1, Gagandeep2, Amandeep Singh1, Narinder Pal Singh1, Sarvesh S S Rawat3, Gurvinder Singh2, "Heartbeat Rate Monitoring System by Pulse Technique Using HB Sensor ", ICICES 2014 [3] Xin Chen, Jian Weng, Wei Lu, Jiaming Xu, “Multi-gait Recognition based on Attribute Discovery ”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2017 [4] Salomi S. Thomas, Mr. Amar Saraswat, Anurag Shashwat, Dr.Vishal Bharti, "Sensing Heartbeat and Body Temperature Digitally using Arduino", International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016 [5] Aileni Raluca Maria1, Sever Pasca1, Rodica Strungaru1, “Heart Rate Monitoring by using Non-invasive Wearable Sensor”, The 6th IEEE International Conference on E-Health and Bioengineering - EHB 2017 [6] Ramyar Saeedi∗, Navid Amini† and Hassan Ghasemzadeh∗, “Patient-Centric On-Body Sensor Localization in Smart Health Systems”, IEEE 2014 [7] Simi Susan Thomas, Viswam Nathan, Chengzhi Zong, Karthikeyan Soundarapandian, Xiangrong Shi, Roozbeh Jafari, IEEE Senior Member, “Bio Watch: A Non-invasive Wrist-based Blood Pressure Monitor that Incorporates Training Techniques for Posture and Subject Variability ”, JBHI-00094-2015 [8] Fariha Naaz, Nirmal Singh Grewal, "A SoC based wearable system for Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement", IEEE 2016 [9] Johannes Schneider, Marc Schroth, Jorg Ottenbacher, “A novel wearable sensor device for continuous monitoring of cardiac activity during sleep”, IEEE 2018 [10] Yaru Li, Guomin Li, Haoyu Zhang, “A Wireless Pulse Rate Monitoring Terminal”, IEEE 2018

Pressure vessels are leak proof containers, as the name implies, their main purpose is to contain a given medium under pressure and temperature. Pressure vessels are commonly used in industry to carry both liquid and gases under required pressure and temperature limit. This pressure and temperature comes from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source or any combination of them. After the review of many research papers, we find out that basically the most of the pressure vessels diameter was taken was from 300 mm to 2000 mm. Initially, we designed three non-standard body flanged pressure vessels different diameters. Pressure and material of vessels were selected as per practical conditions. We took SA 516 as flange material. After the designing of all cases we figure out the various stresses, loads and deformation using ANSYS and Pv-Elite. After that we redesigned Pressure vessels using standard flanges and figure out the same parameters using Pv-Elite and ANSYS. To optimize the non-standard flange we compared results of both flanges. We found that at almost same operating bolt load in non-standard flange with diameter 500mm has considerable deformation and stress intensity. Whereas in standard flange, in the same case, there is less deformation and stress intensity. The value of deformation and maximum stress intensity in 500mm diameter non-standard flange was 0.044043mm and 107.8 Mpa respectively and in standard flange value of deformation and maximum stress intensity was merely 0.014641mm and 16.548 Mpa respectively. In other two cases, in both standard and non-standard flanges, there is very small difference in deformation and stress intensity. The operating bolt load is slightly higher in standard flange due to greater bolt circle diameter, which results as the slightly higher deformation and stress intensity in both 1000mm and 1500mm diameter flange. In non-standard flange we required more thickness as compared to standard flange. But if we compare the weight of standard and non-standard flange, we found standard flange is almost double in weight.

Keywords : Pressure Vessel, ANSYS, PVElite Software, PRO-E,Mechanical Stresses, ABAQUS

Recent

[1] M. Jadav Hyder, M Asif, “Optimization of Location and Size of Opening in a Pressure vessel Cylinder Using ANSYS”. Engineering Failure Analysis .Pp 1-19, 2008. [2] Joship Kacmarcik, Nedelijko Vukojevic, “Comparison of Design Method for Opening in Cylindrical Shells under Internal Pressure Reinforced By Flush (Set-On) Nozzles”. 2011 [3] V.N. Skopinsky and A.B. Smetankin, “Modeling and Stress Analysis of Nozzle Connections in Ellipsoidal Heads of Pressure Vessels under External Loading.” Int. J. Of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.11, No.4, Pp.965-979, 2006 [4] J. Fang, Q.H. Tang, Z.F.Sanga, “Comparative Study of Usefulness for Pad Reinforcement in Cylindrical Vessels under External Load on Nozzle”. International Journal Of Pressure Vessel And Piping 86,Pp 273-279, 2009 [5] Pravin Narale, P.S. Kachare , “Structural Analysis Of Nozzle Attachment On Pressure Vessel Design,” International Journal Of Engineering Research And Application,Vol.2,Pp 1353-1358 , 2012 [6] James J. Xu, Benedict C. Sun, Bernard Koplik, “Local Pressure Stress on Lateral Pipe-Nozzle with Various Angles of Intersection,” Nuclear Engineering and Design 199, Pp 335-340, 2000 [7] Arman Ayobstress , “Analysis Of Torispherical Shell With Radial Nozzle”, The Institution Of Engineers, Malaysia, Vol. 67, 2006 [8] V.N. Skopinsky, “Stress in Ellipsoidal Pressure Vessel Heads with Noncentral Nozzle,” Nuclear Engineering and Design 198, Pp 317-323, 2000 [9] Jaroslav Mackerle , “Finite Element In The Analysis Of Pressure Vessels And Piping, An Addendum: A Bibliography(2001-2004),” International Journal Of Pressure Vessel And Piping 82, Pp 571-592, 2005 [10] P. Balicevic, D.Kozak, D. Kralievic, “Analytical and Numerical Solution of Internal Forces by Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with Semi-Elliptical Heads”. First Serbian Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Kopaonik, Pp 10-13, 2007 [11] M. F. Hsieh, D.G. Moffat, J. Mistry, “Nozzle In The Knuckle Region Of Torispherical Head: Limit Load Interaction Under Combined Pressure And Piping Loads”, International Journal Of Pressure Vessel And Piping 77,Pp 807-815, 2000 [12] B.S. Thakkar, S.A. Thakkar, “Design Of Pressure Vessel Using Asme Code, Section VIII Division 1”,International Journal Of Advanced Engineering Research And Studies ,Vol I , Pp 228-234,(2012) [13] Shaik Abdul Lathuef, Chandra Sekhar, “Design and Structural Analysis of Pressure Vessel Due To Change of Nozzle Location and Shell Thickness”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. I, Pp 218-221, 2012 [14] Binesh P Vyas, R M Tayade, “Design Of Vertical Pressure Vessel Using Pvelite Software,” International Journal Of Engineering Research And Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 3. [15] Drazan Kozak, Ivan Samardzic, “Stress Analysis Of Cylindrical Vessel With Changeable Head Geometry,” Science Bulletin, Serie C, Vol. XXIII Yogesh Borse, Avadesh Sharma, “Modeling Of Pressure Vessel With Different End Connections Using Pro-Mechanica”, International Journal Of Engineering Research And Application, Vol. 2,Pp 1493-1497 [16] Vikram V.Mane, Vinayak H.Khatawate, “Finite Element Analysis of Ellipsoidal Head Pressure Vessel”, International Journal Of Engineering Research And Application, (2012) [17] Ugur Guven, “A Comparison on Failure Pressures Of Cylindrical Pressure Vessels”, Mechanics Research Communications 34 466–471, (2007) [18] Pavo Balicvic, Drazan Kozak, “Strength of Pressure Vessel with Ellipsoidal Heads”, Journal Of Mechanical Engineering 5410, 685-692, (2008) [19] Shafique M.A. Khan, “stress Distributions In A Horizontal Pressure Vessel And The Saddle Supports”, International Journal Of Pressure Vessels And Piping 87,Pp 239-244, , (2010) [20] Bandarupalli Praneeth, T.B.S.Rao, “Finite Element Analysis Of Pressure Vessel And Piping,” International Journal Of Engineering Trends And Technology- Volume 3, Issue 5,, (2012) [21] Drazan Kozak, Ivan Samardzic, “Overloading Effect on the Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical Tank with Tori spherical Heads For The Underground Storage Of Petrol” [22] M. Pradeep Kumar, K. Vanisree, “Design and Implementation of Circular Cross Sectional Pressure Vessel Using Pro-E and ANSYS”, International Journal of Morden Engineering Research, Vol 3, Pp 2350- 2355 [23] L. P. Zick , “Stress In Large Horizontal Cylindrical Pressure Vessel On Two Saddle Support”, .The Welding Journal Research Supplement [24] Nishant M. Tandel, Jignesh M Parmar, “A Review on Pressure Vessel Design and Analysis, - Indian Journal of Research”, Vol 3, Issue 4, 2013 [25] Modi A J, Jadav C.S, “Structural Analysis of Different Geometry Heads For Pressure Vessel Using Ansys Multiphysiscs”, the 5th International Conference on Advance in Mechanical Engineering. 2011 [26] Hardik B Nayak, R R Trivedi, “Stress Analysis of Reactor Nozzle to Head Junction”, International Conference on Current Trend in Technology, Nirma University, 2011 [27] M J Mungla, K N Srinivasan, V R Iyer, “Design and Analysis of A High Pressure Vessel Using ASME Code”, Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol-6, 2013

This paper gives details about monitoring the different parameters of a greenhouse farming namely temperature, soil moisture & humidity and it also describes how transportation surveillance is important for a proper business through internet of things (IOT). Majority farmers can not accurately detect the level of temperature, humidity, light and water level of the field. The monitoring is observed through the website. The proposed system is an embedded system which is used for microclimatic parameters of a greenhouse which helps in improving of quality of crops or specific plant species results maximum production over crop growth. It also diminishes the difficulties involved in the system by reducing human interrupt to the best possible level. The sensor like DHT11 sense the changing parameters and sends it to the digital pin of the Arduino microcontroller. From the Arduino the sensed parameters such as humidity and temperature values are uploaded to the website at regular interval of time through ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The sensed parameters can be graphically or virtually made available to monitor by the website which results in becoming the system user friendly, fast in speed, reliable and low cost which eliminates existing setup drawbacks. The transport surveillance system uses GPS & GSM modules which enables the farmer to know the exact location of the vehicle carrying produce from the farm.

Keywords : IoT, Arduino, DHT11, ESP8266, GPS, GSM

Recent

[1] S.V. Devika. Arduino Based Automatic Plant Watering System. Int. Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 10, (Part - 3) October 2014, pp.449-456 Vishwanath Naik.s. IoT based Green House Monitoring system. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology(IJECET) Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2015 [2] Ruchika Taneja Smart Agriculture Monitoring Through Iot. International Journal for Scientific Research and development (IJSRD) Vol.3, Issue No.05, 2015 [3] Prof .C.R. Dongarsane Greenhouse Automation Using Iot. The International Research Journal of Engineering And Technology (IRJET), Volume (01), Issue (01), Jan- 2017 [4] Sayali P.Shelar. A Survey –Smart Green House Android Application. . International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering And Research, Volume (03), Issue (01), Jan- 2017 [5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name Stand. Abbrev. in press. [6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982]. [7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989. [8] Adedjouma A.S., Adjovi G., Agaï L. and Degbo B., 2006. A system of remote control car lock with a GSM based geo-location by GPS and GSM. African Journal of Research in Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Vol.1, pp.1-8. [9] Agostinho, L., Olivi, L., Feliciano, G. Paolieri, F., Rodrigues, D., Cardozo, E., and Guimaraes, E. (2011). A cloud computing environment for supporting networked robotics applications. In Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on pages 1110 – 1116. [10] Baille A., Kittas C. et Katsoulas N., 2001. Influence of whitening on greenhouse microclimate and crop energy partitioning. Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 107, pp. 293-306 [11] Benghanem M., 2009. Measurement of meteorological data based on wireless data acquisition system monitoring. Journal of Applied Energy, Vol. 86, pp. 2651-2660 [12] Bouchikhi B., Eddahhak A., El Harzli M. et El Bari N., 2004. The sensors and their role in the measurement of climatic parameters for the management of irrigation water in greenhouse agriculture. International days of Science and Technologies, Cadiz,Tangier [13] Bouchikhi B., El Harzli M., 2005. Design and realization of acquisition system and climatic parameters control under the greenhouse. Phys & Chem. News, Vol. 22, pp. 45-54 [14] Dae-Heon P. and Jang-Woo P., 2011. Wireless sensor network-based greenhouse environment monitoring and automatic control system for dew condensation prevention. Journal of Sensors, Vol. 11, pp.3640-3651. [15] Dussion M. F., 1989. Greenhouse and energy. French Agency for Energy Management, p. 96. [16] Eddahhak A., 2009. Development of a system for monitoring the climate and managing the drip fertilizing irrigation in greenhouse by using LabVIEW software. National PhD, Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, Moulay Ismail University,Morocco [17] Eddahhak A., Lachhab A., Ezzine L. and Bouchikhi B., 2007. Performance evaluation of a developing greenhouse climate control with a computer system. AMSE Journal Modelling C, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 53-64. [18] El-Fadl A., El Kherrak H., Claustriaux J. et Mounhim H., 1996. Computer aided management of greenhouse climate and influence on the culture of melon in the region of Souss. Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in the Mediterranean region. Notebooks Options Mediterranean Vol. 31, pp. 99-108. [19] El Harzli M., 2009. Study and realization of a multifunctional sensor, heat flux, temperature and humidity. Application to the greenhouse control. National PhD , Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco [20] Hayat Khiyal M. S., Khan A. and Shehzadi E., 2009. SMS Based Wireless Home Appliance Control System (HACS) for Automating Appliances and Security. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Vol. 6, pp.887-8 [21] Lajara R., Alberola J. and Pelegrí-Sebastiá J., 2011. A Solar Energy Powered Autonomous Wireless Actuator Node for Irrigation Systems. Journal of Sensors. Vol.11, pp.329-340. Laszewski, G., Younge, A., He, X., Kunze, M., Tao, J., Fu, C., and Wang, L. Cloud computing: a perspective study. New Generation Computing, 28(2):137–146. [22] Li X. H., Cheng X., Yan K. and Gong P.,2010. A monitoring system for vegetable greenhouses based on a wireless sensor network. Journal of Sensors,Vol.10,pp.8963-8980 [23] Ji-chun Zhao; Ju-feng Zhang; Yu Feng; Jian-xin Guo, "The study and application of the IOT technology in agriculture," Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on, vol.2, no., pp.462,465, 9-11 July 2010. [24] Uday A, Waykole & Dhiraj G. Agarwal 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Mar-2012.

The vehicle chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The chassis frame is the main structure of any vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the body, different parts of an automobile and two longitudinal side members placed on it. The chassis frame has to withstand the stresses as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration and other stresses. The function is to carry the maximum load for all designed and operating conditions safely and it exists within a limit. On the chassis frame has maximum shear stress and deflection under maximum load. In this project, have calculated the stress (von mises) and shear stress, for the chassis frame also safety factor for safe design and the validation of design for martial, section of frame and shape on life periods will be calculated by fatigue life. Finite element analysis has been done for validation of the chassis frame model. We have taken material as Mild sheet steel for “C” Channel section, with varying the section of rectangular hollow box, “I” Section, and “O” Section to design chassis frame of an SUV. For Analysis using ANSYS 14.0. Software used in this project:-Solid work for design purpose and ANSYS 14 is used for analysis.

Keywords : Ladder Chassis Frame, Mild Steel, C Channel Section, Rectangular Box (Hollow), I Type and Tubular Type Cross Section

Recent

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_frame [2] Picard, A.; Beaulieu, D. (1987). "Design of Diagonal Cross Bracings: Part 1 Theoretical Study," Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 24, pp. 122-12 [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_element_method [4] https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/.../Passenger-Car-Track-list-2.15.pdf [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_of_safety [6] Mechanicalinventions.blogspot.com/2014/08/mild-steel-properties-of-mild-steel.htm [7] Nikhil Tidke1, D. H. Burande2”,” Analysis of HCV Chassis using FEA”,”IRIJ PGCON-MECH2017” [8] Priyanka Ranu 1, Rajeev Singh Chauhan2 Dr. V.N. Bartaria3”,” Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Composites Materials Using Fem” “ISSN: 2321-9653”,” June 2017” [9] Mr. Navnath V. Palde1, Prof. V.L.Kadlag2’’, ‘’ Deign Improvement and Analysis car chassis for Static and Dynamic Characteristics”, IISN 2348-7550”,”2016 [10] S.Sivaraj#1, A.Hazemohzammed*1, M.Yuvaraj*2, N.Karthikeyan*3, V.Murugan,” Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for car UsingAnsys” (IJ0SER), 3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X,’’2016 [11] Pankaj Badhe 1, 2V.L.Firake,’’ Design and Development of Mini Tractor Trolley Chassis Using FEA Methord.,’’ijates(ins-2348-7550) 2016 [12] Divyesh N. Chaudhari1, Vinod M. Makwana2, Dharmeet J. Patel,’’ Strength and rigidity analysis of heavy vehicle chassis for different frame cross section by analytically and FEA under various loading condition,’’ e-ISSN: 2393-9877, p-ISSN: 2394-2444,’’2016 [13] Kamlesh Y. Patil1, Eknath R. Deore2’’, Stress Analysis of Ladder Chassis with Various Cross Sections,’’ (IOSR-JMCE),’’ 2015

Waste management and its disposal is one of the greatest challenges faced by the world today. It is of vital concern to manage the municipal waste. By effective handling of waste material and by proper recycling, a country can progress in the right direction. In this work, a smart waste sorting machine is developed. It can sort out a variety of waste materials like metal, glass, etc. by using an electro-mechanical system. Conventional sensors are used for sorting out metal and glass and for paper and plastic, LASER and LDR is used. A weight sensor and counter is used to find out the amount of waste sorted. By using this sorting procedure and with proper recycling, the problem of waste management will be solved to some extent. This smart system will, thus help to properly dispose waste and avoids any environmental problems.

Keywords : Microcontroller, Operational Amplifier, Sensor, Waste management, LDR

Recent

[1] Rathje William and Cullen Murphy, Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage, Harper Collins Publishers. 1992. [2] Jo N. Hays, Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history. P.23. ABC-CLIO Publishers. 2005 [3] US Environmental Protection Agency, Decision-Maker's Guidse to Solid Waste Management, Volume II, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W), August, 1995. [4] (2012) Confederation of European Waste to Energy Plants. [Online] Available: www.cewep.eu [5] (2012) European Environment Agency. [Online] Available: http://www.cewep.eu/information/data/index.html [6] (2012) OMRON Industrial Automation. [Online]. Availablehttp://www.ia.omron.com/product/family/470/index_fea.html/ [7] (2012) Manyyear Technology Co., Ltd. [Online]. Available: http://manyyear.en.hisupplier.com/product-542764-MLC900-weighing-scale-load-cell.html 7 [8] (2012) Microchip Technology Inc. [Online]. Available: www.microchip.com/stellent/pic16f877a [9] (2012) HITEC RCD USA. [Online]. Available: http://www.hitecrcd.com/products/analog/micro-mini/hs-65mg.html [10] Yasuhiko Dote, Servo Motor and Motion Control: Using Digital Signal Processors, Prentice Hall and Texas Instruments Digital Signal Processing Series. 2008. [11] (2012) Carron Phoenix. [Online]. Available: http://www.carron.com/products/waste_disposal/waste_sorter_bins [12] (2012) Busch Systems [Online]. Available: http://www.buschsystems.com/product/super-sorter-series-recycling-bins.php

Wireless mesh network is one of the most promising technologies in near future. WMN comes under the category of mobile ad-hoc networks to communicate with the internet through a single gateway or more than one gate way. It provides self-configuring, self-healing, and self-organized wires networks. In order to provide a multi-point communication within the wireless mesh networks, a multicast routing protocol is required. Multicast routing is a key technology for modern communication networks. Multicast Routing becomes a prominent technology for wireless communication networks various multicast routing protocols are developed for internet and ad-hoc communications this paper gives the overview of some of the existing proactive, reactive and hybrid multicast routing protocols over WMNs with its strengths and weaknesses. The following multicast routing protocols are selected for their performance comparison; they are On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol(ODMRP), Multicast Ad hoc On Demand distance Vector (MAODV) Protocol, Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF), Ad hoc Multicasting Routing Protocol(AM Route) Among them, MOSPF and AM Route is a proactive routing protocol.

Keywords : AM Route, MAODV, MOSPF, ODMRP, OPHMR

Recent

[1] Mihail L. Sichitiu, “Wireless Mesh Networks: Opportunities and Challenges”. [2] Eduard Glatz, “Wireless Mesh Networks: Introduction” ATCN: WMN-BasicsWS0607.fm. [3] Mojtaba Seyedzadegan, Mohamed Othman, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali and Shamala Subramaniam, “Wireless Mesh Networks: WMN Overview, WMN Architecture”, 2011 International Conference on Communication Engineering and Networks, IPCSIT 19 (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore. [4] Mihail L. Sichitiu, “Wireless Mesh Networks: Opportunities and Challenges”. [5] Eduard Glatz, “Wireless Mesh Networks: Introduction” ATCN: WMN-BasicsWS0607.fm. [6] Mojtaba Seyedzadegan, Mohamed Othman, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali and Shamala Subramaniam, “Wireless Mesh Networks: WMN Overview, WMN Architecture”, 2011 International Conference on Communication Engineering and Networks, IPCSIT 19 (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore. [7] Moy, J., ―OSFP version 2, Internet RFC 1247, July, 1991. [7] G.Parimala Dr.Y.K.Sundara Krishna, G.Gowtami. ”Multicast Routing Protocols for Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey “necicc2k13, July, 2013. [8] M. Liu, R. Talpade, A. McAuley, and E. Bommaiah, “AM Route: Ad-hoc multicast routing protocol. Technical Report”, Mobile Networks and Applications,Volume 7, 429–439, 2002 [9] E. M. Royer and C. E. Perkins, “Multicast operation of the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol”. Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM’99, [10] Md. Saiful Azad, Farhat Anwar, Md. Arafatur Rahman, Aisha H. Abdalla, Akhmad Unggul Priantoro, Omer Mahmoud, “Performance Comparison of Proactive and Reactive Multicast Routing Protocols over Wireless Mesh Networks,” IJCSNS, Vol. 9, No. 6, ISSN 1738-7906, pp. 55 – 62, 2009 [11] www.firewall.cx/networkingtopics/routing/routingprotocols/ 184-hybrid-routing.html. [12] A. B. Manouer et. Al., “OPHMR: an optimized polymorphic hybrid multicast routing protocol for MANETs”, IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 503-514, 2007 [13] A. B. Mnaouer, L. Chen, C. H. Foh, and J. W. Tantra, "OPHMR: An Optimized Polymorphic Hybrid Multicast Routing Protocol for MANET," IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, vol. 5, pp. 503- 514. [14] S. J. Lee, W. Su, and M. Gerla, "On-demand multicast routing protocol in multihop wireless mobile networks," ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications, special issue on Multipoint Communications in Wireless Mobile Networks, vol. 7, pp. 441-453, 2002. [15] X. F. Zhang and L. Jacob, "MZRP: An Extension of the Zone Routing Protocol for Multicasting in MANETs," Journal of Information Science and Engineering, vol. 20, pp. 535-551, 2004. [16] X. Xiong, U. T. Nguyen, and H. L. Nguyen, "Preemptive multicast routing in mobile ad-hoc networks," Proc.IEEE (ICN/ICONS/MCL), pp. 68-74, 2006. [17] P. Jacquet, P. Minet, A. Laouiti, L. Viennot, T. Clausen, and C. Adjih, "Multicast Optimized Link State Routing," Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-olsrmolsr- 01.txt, 2002. [18] A.Ramakrishna, Dr.K.Subba Rao Published an international Journal on” Awareness of Wireless Mesh Networks using Routing Metrics ” International Journal of Engineering Science AND Research Technology(IJESRT), Vol:7 Issue:3 ,ISSN No:2277-9655, Mar 2018( UGC Approved Journal). [19] A.Ramakrishna, Dr.K.Subba Rao Published an international Journal on” Develop the Multi-hop Routing Metric in Wireless Mesh Networks” International Journal of Current Engineering Scientific Research (IJCESR), Vol:5 Issue: 4,ISSN No: 2394-0697(Online), 2393-8374(Print), April 2018( UGC Approved Journal).

There is need to secure sensitive data and computer systems from intruders while allowing ease of access for authenticating the user is one of the main problems in computer security. Traditionally, passwords have been the usual method for controlling access to computer systems but this approach has many inherent flaws. Keystroke dynamics is a biometric technique to recognize and an analysis of his/her typing patterns. In the experiment, we measure mean, standard deviation and median values of keystroke features such as latency, duration, digraph and their combinations and compare their performance. The latest trend in authenticating users is by using the potentiality of biometrics. Keystroke dynamics is a behavioral biometrics which captures the typing rhythms of users and then authenticates them based on the dynamics captured. In this paper, a detailed study on the evaluation of keystroke dynamics as a measure of authentication is carried out. This paper gives an insight from the infancy stage to the current work done on this domain which can be used by researchers working on this topic.

Keywords : Biometric, Digraph, Infancy, Keystroke Dynamics, Neurons

Recent

Journal Papers [1] C. J. C. Burges, “A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition,” Data Mining Knowl. Discovery, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 121–167, Jun. 1998. [2] R. V. Yampolskiy and V. Govindaraju, “Behavioural biometrics: A survey and classification,” Int. J. Biometrics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 81–113, 2008. [3] S. P. Banerjee and D. L. Woodard, “Biometric authentication and identification using keystroke dynamics: A survey,” J. Pattern Recognit. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 116–139, 2012. [4] P. S. Dowland and S. M. Furnell, “A long-term trial of keystroke profiling using digraph, trigraph and keyword latencies,” in Proc. Secur. Protection Inf. Process. Syst., vol. 147. 2004, pp. 275–289. [5] J. V. Monaco, N. Bakelman, S, -H. Cha, and C. C. Tappert, “Developing a keystroke biometric system for continual authentication of computer users,” in Proc. Eur. Intell. Secur. Inform. Conf. (EISIC), Aug. 2012, pp. 210-216. [6] R. A. Bradley and M.E. Terry, “Rank anlysis of incomplete block designs: I. The method of paired comparisons,” Biometrika, vol. 39, nos. 3-4, pp. 324- 345, 1952. [7] P. Bours and S. Mondal, “Recent advances in user authentication using keystroke dynamics biometrics,” in Continuous Authentication With Keystroke Dynamics. Greece: Science Gate Publishing, 2015, pp. 14-58. [8] S. Bhatt and T. Santhanam, “Keystroke dynamics for biometric authentication—A survey,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Pattern Recognit., Inform. Mobile Eng. (PRIME), Feb. 2013, pp. 17–23. [9] H. Locklear et al., “Continuous authentication with cognition-centric text production and revision features,” in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Biometrics (IJCB), Sep./Oct. 2014, pp. 1–8. [10] Y. Zhong, Y. Deng, and A. K. Jain, “Keystroke dynamics for user authentication,” in Proc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. Workshops (CVPRW), Jun. 2012, pp. 117–123. [11] D. Umphress and G. Williams, “Identity verification through keyboard characteristics,” Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 263–273, Sep. 1985. Books [12] C. M. Bishop, Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. London, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995. Theses [13] S. Mondal, “Continuous user authentication and identification: Combination of security & forensics,” Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty Comput. Sci. Media Technol., Norwegian Univ. Sci. Technol., Trondheim, Norway, Feb. 2016. Proceedings Papers [14] Soumik Mondal and Patrick Bours, Person Identification by Keystroke Dynamics Using Pairwise User Coupling, vol. 12, no. 6, June 2017.

This paper proposed a comparison of stepped impedance fractal low pass filters at 1 GHz with open stub and short-circuited stub. Sierpinski carpet fractals used to reduce filter size and develop low profile filters. Fractal elements or arrays are designed with the concept of self-similarity to achieve sharper cut off point. 1 GHz low pass filter is used for long range communication and smart phone communication for IOT application.

Keywords : Fractal, Chebyshev Response, Stepped Impedance Low Pass Filter, Open Circuited Stub, Short Circuited Stub

Recent

[1] Douglas H. Werner', Randy L. Haup and Pingjuan L. Werne J., “Fractal Antenna Engineering: The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 5, October I999 [2] D. H. Werner and S. Ganguly, “Fractal Antenna Engineering Research, “IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 45, No.1, pp. 38-57, Feb 2003.J.L. Li, S.-W. Qu and Q. Xue, "Compact Microstrip Lowpass Filter with Sharp Roll-off and Wide Stop-band,” Electronics Letters, Volume: 45, No. 2, pp.110-111, 2009. [3] Jia-Sheng Hong and M. J. Lancaster, “Theory and Experiment of Novel Microstrip Slow-Wave Open-Loop Resonator Filters,”IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 45, Issue 12, Part 2, pp. 2358–2365, 1997 [4] Vivek Singh Kushwah, Geetam S. Tomar & Sarita Singh Bhadauria “Designing Stepped Impedance Micro strip Low Pass Filter Using Artificial Neural network at 1.8 GHz” 2013 International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks Technologies. [5] Yaqeen S. Mezaal, Halil T. Eyyuboglu & Jawad K. Ali, “New Microstrip Bandpass Filter Designs Based on Stepped Impedance Hilbert Fractal Resonators” IETE Journal of research Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 257-264May-June 2014. [6] Y.S. Mezaal, J.K. Ali & H.T. Eyyuboglu, “Miniaturised microstrip bandpass filters based on Moore fractal geometry” International Journal of Electronics, 2015 Vol. 102, No. 8, pp. 1306–1319. [7] IE3D Software Developed by M/S Zeland Software Inc

The exhaust gases from the IC Engine caries away about 30% of heat of combustion. The energy available in the exit stream goes as waste, if not utilized properly. The major technical constraint that prevents implementation of ways to heat recovery system is due to its intermittent and time mismatched demand and availability of energy. In the present work, a storage container is integrated with IC engine setup to extract heat from the exhaust gases using a copper plate being heated by forced convection. The performance parameters pertaining to the heat recovery such as amount of heat covered, temperature achieved at every RPM, velocity of exhaust gases and flow curves will be evaluated, analyzed and reported. The feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of the project have also been discussed

Keywords : Exhaust, Silencer, Copper Plate, Convection, Conduction

Recent

[1] CATIA V 5 Reference Book by CADD CENTRE PUBLICATIONS. [2] ANSYS Workbench Refernce Book by CADD CENTRE PUBLICATIONS. [3] A Handbook on Mechanical Engineering by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS Revised and Reprint Edition: 2018. [4] Heat and Mass Transfer by R.K. Rajput Edition: 2017 Reprint. [5] Material Science and Engineering by V. Raghavan 2017 edition [6] www.sciencedirect.com [7] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_management

Wind energy, even though abundant, varies continually as wind velocity varies in magnitude and direction over a time period. As the wind turbine’s rotation depends upon the availability of wind force and if the wind turbine axis is not completely aligned with the wind velocity a significant amount of wind energy is left un-extracted. Our idea is to implement the object sensor in windmill which would sense the wind’s direction and align the turbine axis with it. At present they are using anemometer for controlling the direction of the windmill. Compared to that our system would be more effective for controlling the direction, while the anemometer is replaced by object sensor. The microcontroller directly communicates with the object sensor and it is programmed in such a way that it can trace out where the wind flow is occurring. And on the basis of that, the microcontroller would rotate the wind turbine hub using servomotor or stepper motor.

Keywords : MPPT, Wind Power System

Recent

[1] https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov [2] http://climate.weather.gc.ca [3] http://www.circuitstoday.com/proteus-software-introduction [4] https://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/other/23-wind-turbine

Rolling bearings are well precision, few cost but large amount used in all kinds of rotary machine. It takes long time for the human being to develop the bearing from the initial idea to the modern rolling bearing. The reason why bearing is used is that first it can transfer moment or force. Secondly and maybe more important is that it can be interchanged easily and conveniently when it’s broken. In today’s world maintenance of any machinery is very important in view of downtime of machinery. The bearing sector is one of the examples without which no single rotating machinery work. Production of bearing industries are of high value which leads to the aspects of bearing life & application in more demanding situations.

Keywords : Bearing Failures, Vibrations, Stresses

Recent

[1] M. Vijaya Kini, R. S. Pai, D. Srikanth Rao, Satish Shenoy B and R. Pai, “Effect of Groove Location on the Dynamic Characteristics of Multiple Axial Groove Water Lubricated Journal Bearing”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:3, No:12, 2009. [2] Dinesh Dhande , Dr D W Pande , Vikas Chatarkar, “ Analysis of Ball Journal Bearing Using Fluid Structure Interaction Approach” , International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol-4, issue-8, May 2013. [3] Mr.Jarosław, “The flow oil analysis in the gap of a journal bearing with a circumferential groove” SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS OF MACHINES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, 2 (158) April 2013. [4] Thomas h. Mccloskey “Troubleshooting bearing and lube oil system problems”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH TURBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM, 2014. [5] Mohit Kaushik, Pawan Kumar, “REVIEW & ANALYSIS OF BEARING FAILURE IN INDUSTRIAL BLOWERS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: CASE STUDY”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY, Volume 2 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2349-6002, June 2015. [6] Mr. R.R.Kulkarni1, Dr. P. R. Kulkarni “A Review of Research on Tapered Roller Bearings” IJMEIT//Vol.04 Issue 03//March//Page No: 1623-1627//ISSN-2348-196x 2016. [7] K.Arun1, Chandbadshah S B V J1, B.Eswaraiah2, J.Narendra kumar2 “LUBRICANT FAILURE ANALYSIS OF ROLL NECK BEARINGS OF ROD MILL: A CASE STUDY”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS), Special Issue-5, ISSN: 2349-6495(P) 2456-1908(O). [8] . H. Mirzaei Rafsanjani, Ph. D. Behzad, Mehdi, Prof. Sharif ,”Estimation of rolling bearing life with damage curve approach”, POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH 3(70) 2011 Vol 18; pp. 66-70 10.2478/v10012-011-0019-6.

Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is retinal vascular disorder in which one of the branches of the central retinal artery is obstructed which could lead to blindness. The analysis of BRAO region in the retina is necessary for assessment of the severity of retinal ischemia and anoxia. In this paper, a fully automatic framework was proposed to segment BRAO regions based on 3D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first automatic 3D BRAO segmentation framework which provide an important contribution to retina clinic. First, the input 3D image is automatically classified into BRAO of acute phase, BRAO of chronic phase or normal retina using AdaBoost classifier based on combining local structural, intensity, textural features with our new feature distribution analyzing strategy. The new feature distribution analysis can be applied in identifying another retinal diseases. The proposed method was tested on SD-OCT images of 36 patients (12 BRAO acute phase, 11 BRAO chronic phase and 13 normal eyes) using leave-one-out strategy.

Keywords : Adaboost Classifier, Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion, Graph Search-Graph Cut Method, Segmentation

Recent

[1] K. Hondeghem, M. Blanckaert, and J. Blanckaert, "Branch retinal artery occlusion in systemic diseases: a case report," Bulletin de la Societe belge d'ophtalmologie, vol. 271, pp. 9-15, 1999, 1999. [2] C. M. F. M. Parcero, B. d. P. Freitas, E. F. Marback, O. d. O. Maia Júnior, R. L. Marback, "Optical coherence tomography findings in acute phase of branch retinal artery occlusion: case report," Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, vol. 73, pp. 189-192, 2010. [3] S. S. Hayreh, “Acute retinal arterial occlusive disorders," Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 359-394, 9, 2011. [4] J. O. Mason Iii, A. A. Shah, R. S. Vail, P. A. Nixon, E. L. Ready, and J. A. Kimble, "Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion: Visual Prognosis," American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 146, no. 3, pp. 455-457, 9//, 2008. [5] S. Rumelt, and G. C. Brown, "Update on treatment of retinal arterial occlusions," Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 139-141, 2003. [6] R. K. Murthy, S. Grover, and K. V. Chalam, "Sequential spectral domain OCT documentation of retinal changes after branch retinal artery occlusion," Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), vol. 4, pp. 327-329, 04/26, 2010. [7] N. Yamaike, A. Tsujikawa, M. Ota, A. Sakamoto, Y. Kotera, M. Kita, K. Miyamoto, N. Yoshimura, and M. Hangai, "Three-dimensional Imaging of Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinal Vein Occlusion," Ophthalmology, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 355-362.e2, 2//, 2008. [8] S. Yun, G. Tearney, B. Bouma, B. Park, and J. de Boer, "High-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 mum wavelength," Optics express, vol. 11, no. 26, pp. 3598-3604, 2003/12//, 2003. [9] N. Goldenberg-Cohen, S. Dadon, B.-C. R. Avraham, M. Kramer, M. Hasanreisoglu, I. Eldar, D. Weinberger, and I. Bahar, "Molecular and histological changes following central retinal artery occlusion in a mouse model," Experimental Eye Research, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 327-333, 10//, 2008. [10] H. Ozdemir, M. Karacorlu, S. A. Karacorlu, and F. Senturk, "Localized foveal detachment in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal sparing," European journal of ophthalmology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 492-494, 2012 May-Jun, 2012. [11] H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Qiu, D. Xiang, W. Chen, F. Shi, J. Zheng, W. Zhu, and M. Sonka, "Quantitative analysis of retinal layers' optical intensities on 3D optical coherence tomography for central retinal artery occlusion," Scientific Reports, vol. 5, pp. 9269, 03/18, 08/12/received, 02/27/accepted, 2015. [12] C. K. S. Leung, C. C. Y. Tham, S. Mohammed, E. Y. M. Li, K. S. Leung, W. M. Chan, and D. S. C. Lam, "In vivo measurements of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness in retinal arterial occlusion," Eye, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1464-1468, 06/02/online, 2006

The most common problem that is faced in India is the maintenance of roads. The maintenance of roads mostly focusses on improper roads which are due to potholes, humps etc. Our project mainly aims at detection of potholes and humps to avoid accidents & at the same time damage to the vehicle. We have used ultrasonic sensors for measuring the depth & height of the road surface. The data which are sensed by the sensors include the depth of the potholes & height of the hump & geographic location which is to be already stored in the database. This information serves as a valuable source to the government authorities i.e PWD office and vehicle drivers via GSM.

Keywords : Accelerometer, Ultrasonic Sensor, LCD, GSM, GPS.

Recent

[1] “Detection of Humps & potholes on road and notifying the same to the driver” MADHUMATHY P.SAURABH SINGH,SHIVAM SHUKLA,UNNI KRISHNAN International Journal of management and applied science,ISSN:2394-7926 Volume-3,Issue-1, Special Issue-2,Jan-2017. [2] "Intelligent Pothole Detection and notification system” NILAM KUMBHAR, DIPALI MHETRE , AMARINA MUJAWAR,S.T.KHOT, Department of electronics and telecommunications ,Bharati Vidyapeth College of engineering for Women, pune, Maharashtra, India, DOI 10.4010/2016.798 ISSN 2321 3361C 2016 IJEC, Volume 6 Issue no.4. [3] ”Automatic and Real time potholes and humps detection system using smartphones “ UPPARI SRINIVAS, VENTRAPRAGADA TEJU International Journal of scientific Engineering and technology research ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.06, Issue.04 February -2017. [4] “Speed Control of Vehicle by Detection of Potholes and Humps” P.GURUSAMI1, M.ANUSHA2, N.DEVIPRIYA3, P.HARINI4, MD ASRAR UL HAQUEC5 Assistant Professor, Department of EIE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India1 UG Students , Department of EIE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India2,3,4,5, March 2016. [5] “Pothole Detection System using Machine Learning on Android” ANIKET KULKARNI1, NITISH MHALGI2, SAGAR GURNANI3,Dr.NUPUR GIRI4, V.E.S. Institute of Technology, Mumbai-74July 2014. [6] “Vehicle Vibration Signal Processing for Road Surface Monitoring” HARIKRISHNAN P. M. and VARUN P.GOPI, August 15, 2017 [7] “Multi-lane Pothole Detection From Crowd Sourced Under Sampled Vehicle Sensor Data” V.K. Vijaya Kumar, Fellow, IEEE, Jinzhu Chen, Member Andrew Fox, Member, IEEE, B, IEEE,and Fan Bai, Fellow, IEEE2017.

The objective of this paper to review some important case studies to figure out the relationship between the safety of an organization and the safety climate. Safety climate of an organization always demonstrate the level of safety of an organization. Improvement the safety level is indispensable for the proper growth of an organization. Safety level can improve by reducing the risk taking behavior of an employee, by the improvement in safety performance of employees, by the proper registration of injuries and by developing the positive safety climate. Positive safety climate proves as the panacea for the improvement of safety level of an organization.

Keywords : Work environment, worker’s health and safety, safety training, small and large scale industries, management, safety behavior

Recent

[1] Beus, Payne, Bergman, Arthur 2010. Safety climate and injuries: An examination of theoretical and Empirical relationships. Journal of applied psychology, 95, 713-727. [2] Barling, J., Loughlin, C., & Kelloway, K. E. 2002. Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 488–496 [3] Christian, M.S., Bradley, J.C., Wallace, J.C., Burke, M.J., 2009. Workplace safety: a meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. J. Appl. Psychol. 94 (5), 1103– 1127. [4] Clarke, S., 2006a. The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: a meta-analytic review. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 11 (4), 315–327. [5] Cooper, M.D., Phillips, R.A., 2004. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. J. Saf. Res. 35 (5), 497–512. [6] Evans, D. D., Michael, J. H., Wiedenbeck, J. K., & Ray, C. D. 2004. Relationships between organizational climates and safety-related events at four wood manufacturers. Forest Products Journal, 55, 23–28. [7] Flin, R., Mearns, K., O‟Connor, P., & Bryden, R. 2000. Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177–192. [8] Griffin, M.A., Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 5 (3), 347–358. [9] Guldenmund, F. W. 2000. The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215–257 [10] Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. a. Res Nurs Health 1997; 20(3): 269-74. [11] Hayes, B.E., Perander, J., Smecko, T., Trask, J., 1998. Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: development and validation of the work safety scale. Accid. Anal. Prev. 29 (3), 145–161. [12] Hofmann, D.A., Stetzer, A., 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychol. 49 (2), 307–339. [13] Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Landy, F. 1995. High reliability process industries: Individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 26, 131–149. [14] Hofmann, D. A., & Morgeson, F. P. 1999. Safety-related behavior as a social exchange: The role of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 286–296. [15] Hofmann, D. A., & Stetzer, A. 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49, 307–339. [16] Huang, Y., Verma, S.K., Chang, W., Courtney, T.K., Lombardi, D.A., Brennan, M.J., Perry, M.J., 2012. Management commitment to safety vs. employee perceived safety training and association with future injury. Accid. Anal. Prev. 47, 94–101 [17] Lu, C., Tsai, C., 2008. The effects of safety climate on vessel accidents in the container shipping context. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40 (2), 594–601. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology 1975; 28(4): 563-75. [18] Liu. X, Haung. G, Haung. H, Shuyu Wang, Yani Xiao, 2015. Safety climate, safety behavior, and worker injuries in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Safety Science (78) 173-178. [19] Ma, Q., Yuan, J., 2009. Exploratory study on safety climate in Chinese manufacturing Mearns, K., Whitaker, S.M., Flin, R., 2003. Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Saf. Sci. 41 (8), 641–680. [20] Michael. H. J, Guo. G.Z. , Widenbeck K. Jaince. , Ray. D. 2006. Production supervisor impacts on subordinate safety outcome: An investigation of leader member exchange and safety communication. Journal of safety research (37), 469-477. [21] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., 2006. A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. J. Appl. Psychol. 91 (4), 946–953. [22] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Saf. Sci. 34 (1–3), 99–109. [23] Nordlof Hasse, Wiitavaara Birgitta, Winbald. U, Wijk, Westerling Ranger, 2015. Safety culture and reasons for risk taking at a large steel manufacturing company: Investigating worker‟s perspective. Safety science (73) 126-135. [24] Connor, P., O Dea, A., Kennedy, Q., Buttrey, S.E., 2011. Measuring safety climate in aviation: a review and recommendations for the future. Saf. Sci. 49 (2), 128– 138 [25] Probst, T. M. 2004. Safety and insecurity: Exploring the moderating effect of organizational safety climate. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 3–10. [26] Probst, T. M., & Estrada, A. X. (2008, April). Injury under-reporting: The moderating effects of organizational safety climate. In S. C. Payne & J. M. Rodriguez (Chairs), Safety in organizations: Moderators and mediators of safety climate. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Francisco, CA. [27] Probst, T. Estrada, E.X., 2010. Accident under-reporting among employees: testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention 42, 1438–1444. [28] Polit DF, Beck CT.2006. The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 29(5): 489-97. [29] Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. 2007. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 30(4): 459-67. [30] Seo, D.C. Torabi, M.R., Blair, E.H., Ellis, N.T., 2004. A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach. J. Saf. Res. 35 (4), 427–445. [31] Smith, G.S., Huang, Y.H., Ho, M. Chen, P.Y. 2006. The relationship between safety climate and injury rates across industries: the need to adjust for injury hazards. Accid. Anal Prev. 38 (3), 556–562. [32] Tholén, S.L., Pousette, A., Törner, M., 2013.Causal relations between psychosocial conditions, safety climate and safety behavior – a multi-level investigation. Saf. Sci. 55, 62–69. [33] Varonen, U., Mattila, M., 2000. The safety climate and its relationship to safety practices, safety of the work environment and occupational accidents in eight wood-processing companies. Accid. Anal. Prev. 32 (6), 761–769. [34] Vinod Kumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. 2009. Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science, 47, 659–667. [35] Wu, T., Chen, C., Li, C., 2008. A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 21 (3), 307–318. [36] Wynd CA, Schmidt B, Schaefer MA 2003. Two quantitative approaches for estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res; 25(5): 508-18. [37] Yule Steven, Flin. R, Murdy. A. 2007. The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk taking at work. Int. J. Risk Assessment and Management (7) 137-151. [38] Zhang, J., Wu, C., 2014. The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: a dual process perspective. Accid. Anal. Prev. 70, 24–32.

In daily life sand is used for the construction, and manufacturing for building’s constructions. For this construction we needed more sand filtered and different sizes for different construction process like Column/Beam construction, Plaster, Flooring etc. The conventional sand separation methods required more time and labor, it increase the separation time and labor cost. It is very slow process hence decrease production rate hence Conventional method are not suitable for large production. That’s why we decide to design and fabricate the Multi stage sand separator and filter for a future used. Our designed machine is used for the three different sizes of sand. We used three different sizes of filter and three different compartment to get sand separately This machine works on single slider crank mechanism The AC motor coupled with pulley and V-belt mounted on it. The motor started then belt drive through power and motion transmitted to the next stepped pulley this is attached to the separator and this separator will vibrate and sand will goes down and remaining sand will goes to the next filter This filter will vibrate with first separator steeped pulley through belt drive in this separator the sand will separate and remaining will goes to the third filter it’s also get power from second separator and sand will get separated in three compartment and remaining big Stones, Coal, Wood etc will get outside of machine.

Keywords : Motor, Pulley, Shaft, Belt, Separator, Sand.

Recent

[1] KONAKALLA NAGA SRI ANANTH, VAITLA RAKESH, POTHAMSETTY KASI VISWESWARAO, (April 2013)/43-49, “Design and selecting the proper conveyor-belt”, IJAET, Vol.IV, Issue II [2] SAURABH CHAUHAN,(August 2015) ,“Motor torque calculation for electric vehicle” , IJSTR,Vol.4,Issue08. [3] .Culp, R., Wesner, G., & Culp, G. (1978). Advanced Wastewater Treatment. New York: Van No strand Reinhold Company. [4] AVINASH KUMAR AGARWAL1#, MUKESH SHARMA2 AND L. P. TEWARI 3# Departments of Mechanical1 and Civil2 Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur National Sugar Institute3 Kanpur , Sugar filtration paper. [5] SUSMITHA (K L UNIVERSITY) Design of shaft concept In Design of machine element. [6] Steel Exchange India Ltd “Belt conveyor,” A.P.India. [7] V.B.BHANDARI (2003), “Design of machine element “Tata McGraw Hill publishing” company. [8] www.teco.com.tw/electrical characteristics.AESV2E/AESU2E. [9] http:nevonprojects.com/mechanical engineering-projects/.

Supply chain is a network of supplier, manufacturing, assembly, distribution and logistics facilities that perform the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these products to customers. With increasing concern towards environmental protection, industries in western countries have already started considering green factors unlike the Indian chemical industries which are still very much reliable on traditional factors than green factors in supply chain management. The objective of this study is to identify the traditional and green supplier evaluation criteria taken together, which are considered very important across the Chemical Industries in India. This paper also highlights the main important criteria for supplier selection by combining traditional and green criteria in supply chain management.

Keywords : Supply Chain Management, Green Supply chain, Traditional Supply Chain, Indian Chemical Industries, SPSS.

Recent

[1] Adam Robinson (2015), (Infographic) the Evolution & History of Supply Chain Management. [2] Arntzen B. C., Brown G. G., Harrison T.P. and Trafton L. (1995), Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation, Interfaces, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp-69-93 [3] Ashley, S. (1993), Designing for the environment, Green Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review, Otago Management Graduate Review, Vol. 7, pp.53-54 [4] Kelle, P., Silver, E.A., (1989), Forecasting the returns of reusable containers, Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 17-35. [5] Ramdas k, And Spekman, R.E. (2000), Chain or Schackles: Understanding what drives supply chain performance, Interfaces, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 3-21. [6] Yeh and Chuang (2001) Using multi objective genetic algorithm for partner selection in green supply chain problems, A Study on Green Supplier Selection in Dynamic Environment, pp. 2-3 [7] A. Deshmukh and A. Chaudhari, (2011), “A Review for Supplier Selection Criteria and Methods” Technology System and Management, Springer, 145, 283-291. [8] A. Deshmukh and H. Vasudevan, (2014), “Emerging supplier selection criterion in the context of traditional and green supply chain management”, International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chain (IJMVSC), Vol. 5, No.1, pp.19-33. [9] A. Deshmukh and H. Vasudevan, (2016) “Analysis of Supplier Selection Criteria in Traditional as well as Green Supply Chain Management in Indian MSMEs, International journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 73-85.