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Background: To elucidate the current status of safety in the Large-scale manufacturing industry and find out the impact of various factors on worker safety in India. Methods: To identify the current status and factors that contribute to a safety culture, a survey questionnaire was developed based on the prior studies. Modified Kappa Coefficient applied to check validity and inter-rater agreement in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to 320 employees of Large Scale Manufacturing Industry and the valid questionnaire was 300. SPSS software was used and diverse tests, including the Mean, Mode, Standard Deviation, Cronbach's Alpha, Correlation, Variance, Frequencies, were used for the analysis of data. Results: The result showed that there are inadequacies in many factors like Management response to Safety, Safety Training, Safety Communication, Work distribution, Workplace layout and Workplace environment problems like more noise and ergonomics problems. Conclusion: As this study revealing the current status of safety in India is not appropriate. There is a large scope of improvement. Workers and management both are not aware of safety-related problems. There is also the difference in the opinion of workers and management about work related problems.

Keywords : Work environment, worker’s health and safety, safety training, small and large scale industries, management, safety behavior

Recent

[1] Beus, Payne, Bergman, Arthur 2010. Safety climate and injuries: An examination of theoretical and Empirical relationships. Journal of applied psychology, 95, 713-727. [2] Barling, J., Loughlin, C., & Kelloway, K. E. 2002. Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 488–496 [3] Christian, M.S., Bradley, J.C., Wallace, J.C., Burke, M.J., 2009. Workplace safety: a meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. J. Appl. Psychol. 94 (5), 1103– 1127. [4] Clarke, S., 2006a. The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: a meta-analytic review. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 11 (4), 315–327. [5] Cooper, M.D., Phillips, R.A., 2004. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. J. Saf. Res. 35 (5), 497–512. [6] Evans, D. D., Michael, J. H., Wiedenbeck, J. K., & Ray, C. D. 2004. Relationships between organizational climates and safety-related events at four wood manufacturers. Forest Products Journal, 55, 23–28. [7] Flin, R., Mearns, K., O‟Connor, P., & Bryden, R. 2000. Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177–192. [8] Griffin, M.A., Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 5 (3), 347–358. [9] Guldenmund, F. W. 2000. The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215–257 [10] Grant JS, Davis LL. Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. a. Res Nurs Health 1997; 20(3): 269-74. [11] Hayes, B.E., Perander, J., Smecko, T., Trask, J., 1998. Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: development and validation of the work safety scale. Accid. Anal. Prev. 29 (3), 145–161. [12] Hofmann, D.A., Stetzer, A., 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychol. 49 (2), 307–339. [13] Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Landy, F. 1995. High reliability process industries: Individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 26, 131–149. [14] Hofmann, D. A., & Morgeson, F. P. 1999. Safety-related behavior as a social exchange: The role of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 286–296. [15] Hofmann, D. A., & Stetzer, A. 1996. A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49, 307–339. [16] Huang, Y., Verma, S.K., Chang, W., Courtney, T.K., Lombardi, D.A., Brennan, M.J., Perry, M.J., 2012. Management commitment to safety vs. employee perceived safety training and association with future injury. Accid. Anal. Prev. 47, 94–101 [17] Lu, C., Tsai, C., 2008. The effects of safety climate on vessel accidents in the container shipping context. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40 (2), 594–601. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology 1975; 28(4): 563-75. [18] Liu. X, Haung. G, Haung. H, Shuyu Wang, Yani Xiao, 2015. Safety climate, safety behavior, and worker injuries in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Safety Science (78) 173-178. [19] Ma, Q., Yuan, J., 2009. Exploratory study on safety climate in Chinese manufacturing [20] Mearns, K., Whitaker, S.M., Flin, R., 2003. Safety climate, safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Saf. Sci. 41 (8), 641–680. [21] Michael. H. J, Guo. G.Z. , Widenbeck K. Jaince. , Ray. D. 2006. Production supervisor impacts on subordinate safety outcome: An investigation of leader member exchange and safety communication. Journal of safety research (37), 469-477. [22] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., 2006. A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. J. Appl. Psychol. 91 (4), 946–953. [23] Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Saf. Sci. 34 (1–3), 99–109. [24] Nordlof Hasse, Wiitavaara Birgitta, Winbald. U, Wijk, Westerling Ranger, 2015. Safety culture and reasons for risk taking at a large steel manufacturing company: Investigating worker‟s perspective. Safety science (73) 126-135. [25] Connor, P., O Dea, A., Kennedy, Q., Buttrey, S.E., 2011. Measuring safety climate in aviation: a review and recommendations for the future. Saf. Sci. 49 (2), 128– 138 [26] Probst, T. M. 2004. Safety and insecurity: Exploring the moderating effect of organizational safety climate. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9, 3–10. [27] Probst, T. M., & Estrada, A. X. (2008, April). Injury under-reporting: The moderating effects of organizational safety climate. In S. C. Payne & J. M. Rodriguez (Chairs), Safety in organizations: Moderators and mediators of safety climate. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Francisco, CA. [28] Probst, T. Estrada, E.X., 2010. Accident under-reporting among employees: testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention 42, 1438–1444. [29] Polit DF, Beck CT.2006. The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 29(5): 489-97. [30] Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. 2007. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health; 30(4): 459-67. [31] Seo, D.C. Torabi, M.R., Blair, E.H., Ellis, N.T., 2004. A cross-validation of safety climate scale using confirmatory factor analytic approach. J. Saf. Res. 35 (4), 427–445. [32] Smith, G.S., Huang, Y.H., Ho, M. Chen, P.Y. 2006. The relationship between safety climate and injury rates across industries: the need to adjust for injury hazards. Accid. Anal Prev. 38 (3), 556–562. [33] Tholén, S.L., Pousette, A., Törner, M., 2013.Causal relations between psychosocial conditions, safety climate and safety behavior – a multi-level investigation. Saf. Sci. 55, 62–69. [34] Varonen, U., Mattila, M., 2000. The safety climate and its relationship to safety practices, safety of the work environment and occupational accidents in eight wood-processing companies. Accid. Anal. Prev. 32 (6), 761–769. [35] Vinod Kumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. 2009. Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry. Safety Science, 47, 659–667. [36] Wu, T., Chen, C., Li, C., 2008. A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 21 (3), 307–318. [37] Wynd CA, Schmidt B, Schaefer MA 2003. Two quantitative approaches for estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res; 25(5): 508-18. [38] Yule Steven, Flin. R, Murdy. A. 2007. The role of management and safety climate in preventing risk taking at work. Int. J. Risk Assessment and Management (7) 137-151. [39] Zhang, J., Wu, C., 2014. The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: a dual process perspective. Accid. Anal. Prev. 70, 24–32.

Energy crisis is a major concern in today’s world. As the demand of energy is increasing day by day, so the ultimate solution to deal with these sorts of problems is just to implement the renewable sources of energy. The objective of footstep power generation project is to abstract renewable energy. If this project is installed in highly dense areas such as railway stations, clubs, parks etc. then maximum amount of energy can be abstracted from it. By simply walking on footpath, electricity is generated. Also we are adding piezoelectric crystal on the platform of the footstep to increase power output. This project consists rack and pinion assembly as a driving mechanism. In this project, force energy is converted into electrical energy. The control mechanism consists of the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and inverter control. We have discussed the various applications and further extension also. So this project is implemented to all foot step, the power generation is very high.

Keywords : Piezo-electric, DC Generator, rack, pinion, springs, gear

Recent

[1] Bhandari, V. B. Design of Machine Elements. 1st ed. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Education (India), 2017. Print. [2] Maitra, Gitin M.Handbook of Gear Design. 1st ed. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill, 2001. [3] Kiran Boby, Aleena Paul K, Anumol. C.V, Josnie Ann Thomas, Nimisha K.K.”Footstep Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Transducer”- International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, vol.3, Issue 10, April 2014. [4] ANSI-IEEE 176 (1987) Standard on Piezoelectricity

India has agro-based economy and agriculture accounts for a large share of GDP and employment. Besides, a number of useful products, a large quantity of agro-wastes are also produced which is not properly used at present. These agro-wastes are either burnt as fuel or improperly disposed off causing the problem of waste treatment and environmental pollution. Furfural is derived from the pentosan in the cellulose of plant tissues, the most prominent sources of which are corn cobs, saw dust, rice husk, bagasse, pea nut shell. Most furfural that is being produced today is derived from corncobs. In the process we used two different concentrations of sulphuric acid was taken as 14% and 16%. For 16% acid concentration we get maximum conversion of Pentoses to furfural. The hydrolysis process was carried out in simple distillation set up; in distillate we get hydrolysed solution which contained mixture of water, furfural and some light fractions like as methanol acetone etc. After hydrolysis we have to separate furfural from hydrolysed solution therefore we used the Pervaporation process for separation of furfural. Pervaporation is the combination of evaporation and permeation. If we use distillation process after hydrolysis we required maximum time and more energy. By distillation we don’t not get water, ie water is not recycled. But by pervaporation we get pure water to recycling and required less energy and short duration for process.

Keywords : Furfural, Pervaporation, Pentosan

Recent

[1] Basta, A.H. and Houssni, E.S. 2003. “Furfural production and kinetics of pentosans hydrolysis in corn cobs”. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Vol no.37. Pg no 79–94. [2] Chughtai, FA, Z.H. Nazli and W.A. Shah. 2000 “Conversion of some agro industrial wastes into useful industrial products”. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science. Vol no.37, pg no.109-112. [3] Curtis, R. G. and Hatt, H. H.,1948 “ Equilibria in furfural-water systems under increased pressure and the influence of added salts upon the mutual solubilities of furfural and water ”, Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series A: Physical Sciences, Vol no.1, pg no. 213-235. [4] David Tin Win. Apr 2005 “Furfural – Gold from Garbage” Faculty of Science and Technology, University of, Bangkok,Thailand.AU Journal Technology Vol no. 8,Pg no.185-190. [5] D. Wankasi, E.B. Naidoo 2012 “Furfural production from the epicarp of wild mango fruits by acid catalyzed hydrolysis”American journal of food and nutritionvol no2.2 page no. 47-50. [6] Fiyyaz Ahmad chughtai , SajidLatif 2002, “ utilization of corn cobs for the production of ,furfural and active carbon’’ Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture, Faisalabad pak. 1. Agriculture Journal science, Vol no. 392, Pg no. 3-4. [7] N.C.Pradhan, U.K. Ghosh, B. Adhikari 2007 “Separation of Furfural from aqueous solution by Pervaporation using HTPB based hydrophobic polyurethaneurea membrane” journal of Desalination 208, page no.146-158. [8] Shaukat Ali , Fiyyaz Ahmad Chughtai , NajiaIrum and KiranAftab 2002 “ Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Production of Furfural and Active Carbon from Rice Husks” Department of chemistry ,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad . International Journal of Agriculture and biology Vol no. 53, Pg no. 1560-8530. [9] Ujjal K. Ghosh, Narayan C. Pradhan, 2010 “Pervaporative separation of furfural from aqueous solution using modified polyurethaneurea membrane” Department of Chemical Engineering ,IIT Kharagpur India Journal of Desalination 252 page no. 1-7. [10] W. Kujawski 2000“Application of Pervaporation and Vapour Permeation in Environmental Protection” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 9, page no.13-26 [11] J Nanomed Nanotechnol DEC 2015, Vol 6, issue 6, 338. [12] Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014, 25, 12, 5606-5617

Barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19, is a ferrimagnetic substance. Its magnetic properties are mainly due to the particular site distribution of Fe ions in it. The Fe3+ ions in BaFe12O19, were partially substituted by Zn2+ and Ti4+ ions. This paper reports the study of the magnetic properties of the compound BaFe10ZnTiO19 synthesized using the solid state diffusion method. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the magnetoplumbite (M) structure for the sample and was found to have a single crystalline phase. Magnetic properties are studied with the help of Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Magnetization (M) is plotted against applied magnetic field (H) at room temperature which shows decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms), Coercivity (Hc) and remnant Magnetization (Mr) in the doped sample.

Keywords : Magnetoplumbite, Magnetic Properties, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, Coercivity

Recent

[1] Fortes S. S., Duque J. G. S., Macedo M. A., Physica B 384 (2006) 88. [2] Zhang X., Duan Y., Guan H., Liu S., Wen B., J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311 (2007) 507. [3] Haq A., Anis-ur-Rehman M., Physica B 407 (2012) 822. [4] Soman V. V., Nanoti V. M., Kulkarni D. K., Ceramics Int. 39 (2013) 5713. [5] Almeida R. M., Paraguassu W., Pires D. S., Correa R. R., de A. Paschoal C.W., Ceram. Int. 35 (2009) 2443. [6] Paul K.B. Physica B 388 (2007) 337-343. [7] Tyagi S., Baskey H. B., Agarwala R. C., Agarwala V., Shami T. Ceramics Int. 37 (7) (2011) 2631-2641. [8] G. B. Teh, S. Nagalingam, D. A. Jefferson, Mater. Chem. Phys. 101 (2007) 158. [9] X. Zhang, Y. Duan, H. Guan, S. Liu, B. Wen, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311 (2007) 507.

Network security is a big topic and is growing into a high profile in the field of Information Technology, due to its vast growth they are prone to various security concerns. In order to control these security concerns and prevent them this system is proposed. The security breaches of network include Denial of Service attacks. Botnets and SYN flooding attack are two Denial of Service attacks. SYN flood occurs when attackers make half-open connections by not responding to the SYN+ACK packet from server. When the server’s SYN buffer is full with these half-open TCP connections, it stops accepting SYN packets, thus resulting in denial of service to legitimate clients. Bots are the malicious scripts that perform automated tasks at a much higher rate than would be possible for a human alone. The SYN flooding and Botnets are detected and addressed before they become an issue and bring down the network service. SYN flooding attack is detected by considering the rate at which the SYN packets are sent, the server will then reject all these suspicious TCP connections, with TCP-RST packets to prevent the potential DOS attack. Later all the connections in the SYN-RECV state will be closed forcibly by the server with the RST packets. Bots usually perform actions faster than humans hence the best way to detect them is by analyzing its behavior. Hence the action time and action frequency considering the number of clicks and the rate at which the form is submitted are determined. The activities which generate abnormal network traffic are detected and the attacker IP is obtained, then the log of these attackers IP are stored in the database so that no further bot activities takes place from the infected client machine.

Keywords : Network Security, Botnets, SYN flooding, TCP connections, DoS attack, Network Traffic.

Recent

[1] 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 23-25 Nov. 2012, Penang, Malaysia, “Bots and Botnets: An Overview of Characteristics,Detection and Challenges”, Meisam Eslahi, Rosli Salleh, Nor Badrul Anuar, 978-1-4673-31432/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE. [2] “Analysis of the SYN Flood DoS Attack“, 2013, 8, 1-11 Published Online June 2013 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijcnis.2013.08.01 Copyright © 2013 MECS I.J. Computer Network and Information Security, 2013, 8, 1-11, Mitko Bogdanoski , Tomislav Shuminoski and Aleksandar Risteski. [3] Usha L, Chidananda Murthy P, “Securing Data Against Botnets and IP Spoofing”, in International Journal of Engineering Research & technology, ISSN : 2278-0181, pp 81-84 July 2014. [4] “Detection of SYN Flooding Attacks Using Linear Prediction Analysis” Dinil Mon Divakaran, Hema A. Murthy and Timothy A. Gonsalves Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 0-7803-9746-0/06/$20.00(2006) IEEE.

Mostly in large cities such as Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, most patients prefer to go to large hospitals to visit the doctors. As a result there is a congestion in the large hospitals. Consequently most doctors usually only had roughly 5 minutes on average to make their diagnosis on the patients. Doctor may not think about all diseases at once by listening to patient’s symptoms. This problem grew even worse for radiologists also. In the large hospitals there are usually more than thousand examinations including images being performed (e.g., CT, MR, DR/CR) per day. Radiologist has to read more than 50 studies daily. They have only around 10 to 15 minutes to read images and to write a report for each study (e.g., CT or MR examination). Basically there is no time to review the patient’s history if such patients had multiple historical studies. So there is a big need to store all the valuable data and the symptoms on a web platform portal to make diagnosis efficient and accurate. An automated medical health diagnosis system is a web platform portal to facilitate doctors to enter patients’ symptoms and get the list of probable diseases, which enables doctors to start diagnosis quickly. In this system security is maintained as only the registered doctors can enter or update the system accordingly. The system enables the registered doctors to record the new diseases and symptoms if they find any. The project reduces the diagnosis time as well. Data handling technique is dealing with large amount of data with a great accuracy and reliability. This system has a database containing data about all diseases and their corresponding symptoms. When the patient details are entered, the system indicates the possible diseases the patient may be suffering from. The performance is measured by taking input from the registered doctor and from a patient who enter his symptoms and then analyzed. An Automated Medical Health Diagnosis System compares all entries in the database and update it if needed and finally gives the result in the form of diagnosed disease. Moreover it act as disease and symptoms repository.

Keywords : Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 Community Edition, GUI – ASP.NET MVC 5.0, C#, WEB API (as service) for Business Layer, Entity Framework v6 for Database Layer, Hosting – IIS 7

Recent

[1] M. Thangamani, Dept. of Computer Science & Eng., Kongu Eng. Coll., Erode, India, Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), 2013 International Conference on Automatic medical disease treatment system using datamining,29 April 2013 [2] Hiroshi Takeuchi, Senior Member, IEEE, Department of Healthcare Informatics, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. EMBS '06. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 15 December 2016, New York, NY, USA, Automated Healthcare Data Mining Based on a Personal Dynamic Healthcare System [3] Liehang Shi, Jianyong Sun, Yuanyuan Yang, Tonghui Ling, Mingqing Wang, Yiping Gu, Zhiming Yang+, Yanqing Hua+, and Jianguo Zhang, Three Dimensional visual patient based on electronic medical diagnostic records [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoops [5] Lovell NH, Magrabi F, Celler BG, Huynh K, and Garsden H, Web-based acquisition, storage, and retrieval of biomedical signals, IEEE Eng. Medicine and Biology, vol. 20(3), pp. 38-44, 2001. [6] Mazzi C, Ganguly P, and Kidd M, Healthcare application based on software agents, in Medinfo 2001 Proceedings, 2001, pp. 136-140. [7] Takeuchi H, Kodama N, Hashiguchi T, and Hayashi D, Automated Healthcare Data Mining Based on a Personal Dynamic Healthcare System, the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York City, USA, 2006. [8] Giudici P, Applied Data Mining: Statistical Methods for Business and Industry: Wiley Publications, 2003. [9] Prather J, Lobach D, Goodwin L, Hales J, Hage M, and Hammond W, Medical data mining: knowledge discovery in a clinical data warehouse, in Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp., 1997, pp. 101-5. [10] Churilov L, Bagirov A, Schwartz D, Smith K, and Dally M, Improving Risk Grouping Rules for Prostate Cancer Patients with Optimization, the 37th International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii 2004 [11] ASP.NET – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET [12] ASP.NET Web API | The ASP.NET Site

The MAC unit is considered as one of the fundamental operations in DSP and it becomes a basic component in Application-Specific-Integrated-Circuits (ASIC).The MAC unit determines the speed of the overall system; it always lies in the critical path. Developing a high speed MAC is crucial for real time DSP applications. In other words the MAC operation is the main computational kernel in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) architectures. This paper shows the real time hardware and software implementation of MAC unit. This proposed MAC Unit is able to perform different arithmetic operations at high speed. Combinatorial form has been utilized to design all sub-modules being used in the MAC unit. And integrated in the final unit, reset and clock functionality has been provided in this final unit to have better control on the circuitry. The complete design has been developed by using MATLAB Simulink and then simulated and synthesized using XILINX ISE TOOL for FPGA Implementation... For this design the target FPGA device belongs to Spartan-6 (family), XC6lS45 (device), CSG324 (package) with speed grade of -4. Xilinx synthesis tool (XST) of Xilinx ISE-14.x has been used for synthesis purpose and for design MATLAB has been used. For the behavioral simulation purpose ISE simulator has been used.

Keywords : MAC, System Generator, DSP, FPGA, MATLAB, Simulink

Recent

[1] Hardware Multiply/Accumulate (MAC) Unit, Motorola/ [2] Chandrakasan, Sheng, & Brodersen, 1992 and Weste & Harris, 3rd Ed. [3] Alexandru Amaricai, Oana Boncalo, Constantina-Elena Gavriliu, “Low-precision DSP-based floating-point multiply-add fused for Field Programmable Gate Arrays”, IET Computers & Digital Techniques, 2013. [4] Ching-Tsung Hsueh, Chih-Yu Wen and Yen-Chieh Ouyang, “A Secure Scheme against Power Exhausting Attacks in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014. [5] Kouretas Member, IEEE, Ch. Basetas, and V. Paliouras Member, IEEE, “Low-power Logarithmic Number System Addition/Subtraction and their Impact on Digital Filters”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, 2012. [6] Lijuan Li and Shuguo Li, “High-Performance Pipelined Architecture of Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication Over GF(2m)”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, 2015 [7] Patrick Maechler, Christoph Studer, David E. Bellasi, ArianMaleki, Andreas Burg, Norbert Felber, Hubert Kaeslin, and Richard G. Baraniuk, “VLSI Design of Approximate Message Passing for Signal Restoration and Compressive Sensing”, IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 2, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2012 [8] Bo Marr, Brian Degnan, Paul Hasler, and David Anderson, “Scaling Energy per Operation via an Asynchronous Pipeline”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, VOL. 21, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013. [9] A. Sathya, S.Fathimabee, S. Divya “Parallel Multiplier-Accumulator based on Radix-2Modified Booth algorithm by using a VLSI Architecture”, IEEE [10] Deepika, Nidhi Goel “Design of FIR Filter Using Reconfigurable MAC Unit”, 2016 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2016 [11] Ugur Cini, Olcay Kurt “A MAC Unit with Double Carry-Save Scheme Suitable for 6-Input LUT Based Reconfigurable Systems”, International Conference on Design & Technology of Integrated Systems, 2015 [12] Gitika Bhatia, Karanbir Singh Bhatia, Osheen Chauhan, Soumya Chourasia and Pradeep Kumar “An Efficient MAC Unit with Low Area Consumption”, IEEE INDICON 2015. [13] Gitika Bhatia, Karanbir Singh Bhatia, Shashank Srivastava, and Pradeep Kumar “Design and Implementation of MAC Unit Based on Vedic Square, and It’s Application”, IEEE UP Section Conference on Electrical Computer and Electronics, 2015. [14] Wikipedia.com [15] www.xilinx.com/sysgen [16] R. Malleshwari and E. Srinivas “FPGA Implementation of Low Power and High Speed 64-Bit Multiply Accumulate Unit for Wireless Applications” , Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016.

Wireless mesh network represent a solution to provide wireless connectivity. There are number of assaults on remote sensor systems like dark gap attack,sink gapa attack,Sybilattack,selective sending and so on. In this paper we will focus on particular sending assault.Particular Forwarding Attack is one among the numerous security dangers in remote sensor systems which can debase arrange execution. A foe on the transmission way specifically drop parcel. The enemy same time exchange the bundle, while in few events it drops the parcel. It is difficult to recognize this kind of assault since the bundle misfortune might be because of inconsistent remote correspondence . The proposed plan depends on trust estimation of every hub. Amid information transmission a hub chooses a downstream hub that has most astounding trust esteem, which is refreshed progressively in light of the quantity of bundles a hub has sent and dropped. We contrasted our plan and existing plan and found that the bundle misfortune in the proposed plan is a great deal not as much as the current plan.

Keywords : Wireless Mesh Network, AODV, Routing

Recent

[1] CIanF. Akyildiz, XudongWang, Weilin Wang, Wireless Mesh Network: a survey, 1-5, 28-29 Dec. 2010 [2] A.Kim, S. Pakzad, D. Culler, J. Demmel, G. Fenves, S. Glaser, M. Turon,“Routing protocol in Wireless mesh network: challenges and design considerations” , In Proc. Springer Science LLC 2006.pp. 285-303. [3] Specially appointed On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing (2003, Febru-ary) http://www.ietf.org/web drafts/draft-ietf-manet-aodv-13.txt 4 A. Iwata, C.- C. Chiang, G. Pei, M. Gerla, and T.- W.Chen, "Versatile Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in correspondences, Special Issue on Ad-Hoc Networks, pp.1369-79, Aug2011 [4] YS.R. Das, C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Performance comparison of two on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks, in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)”, Tel Aviv, Israel, pp.312, March 2011. [4] A. Boukerche, “Performance evaluation of routing protocols for ad hoc wireless networks, Mobile Networks and Applications” ,Vol.9, No.4, pp.333342,2013 [5] Wu]V. Park and M. S. Corson, “A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks”, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 11, Kobe,Japan (2011) H.M. Nyo and P. Viriyaphol, “Detecting and Eliminating Black Hole in AODV Routing”, IEEE, Jan 2011, pp.1-4. [6] H.M. Nyo and P. Viriyaphol, “Detecting and Eliminating Black Hole in AODV Routing”, IEEE, Jan 2011, pp.1-4.

Voting style has been changed from the word counting papers to the electronically voting records. The system provides many advantages over the traditional voting system by reducing the voting process time and provides the performance in terms of more flexibility and accuracy. But there are some drawbacks also. The large volume of data takes a lot of time to process which affects the system performance. This huge amount of data can be stored, processed and analyzed in many ways but they require fast retrieval technique. Hadoop is considered as the best solution for handling big data which uses parallel computing techniques. Hadoop gives a complete administration apparatus to manage the huge data. That leads us to do this project using Hadoop and HIVE. The demand for Automatic Voting Machine is ever increasing and the system creates a huge amount of data. The results that are produced should be processed in an efficient way. Traditional data storage system and their data processing techniques are not really effective in handling Big Data. These data can take different forms like structured, unstructured and semi structured. The processing power of the machine is influence by the large data size. The system is fully automated and be able to handle extremely large volumes of data. The datasets are created using the application and are used to analyze through HIVE and OOZIE. In Automatic Voting Machine user enter his/her voter Id. Through voterid it will check in HIVE tables whether voter ID is valid or invalid. If he/she is invalid, script will exit or else again check whether the voter is coming for the first time or not. If voter is coming for second time then scirpt will exit and if he is coming for first time then voter can select the candidate (party name) of his/her choice and cast the vote. The project contains the sqoop command. This is schedule in oozie to bring the data from mysql (RDBMS) to HIVE table. If the voting is completed, here it is assumed that at 5 PM voting will be completed and voter will not be allowed to cast his/her vote. So whenever wrapper script will execute it will check whether it is 5 PM if not then voter can cast his vote or else result will be displayed in terms of counting of votes with respect to candidates. Even the system also gives the result in terms of winning percentage with great accuracy.

Keywords : Hadoop, sqoop, Hive- Hql, Mapreduce, oozie

Recent

[1] R. K. Nadesh, K. Arivuselvan, and Srinivasan Pathanjali, A Quantitative Review on Introducing the Election Process with Cloud Based Electronic Voting and Measuring the Performance using Map Reduce, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(39), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i39/85585, October 2016 [2] Apache Hadoop – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data [3] http://www.cnet.com/news/facebook-processes-more-than-500-tb-ofdata-daily/ [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoops [5] Zhouwei, Pierre Guillaume and Chi-Hung Chi. Cloud TPS: Scalable Transactions for web applications in the cloud. IEEE transactions of scalable computing. 2012 Dec; 5(04). [6] Megiba Jasmine R and Nishiba GM. Public Cloud secure group sharing and accessing in cloud computing. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2015 July; 8(15). [7] Bhosale Poonam, Vethaka Priyanaka, Thorat Lata, Archana Lomte. Identity Access Management using Multitier Cloud Infrastructure for secure online voting system. IJMRD 2015 March; 2(4) [8] Shymala K, Sunitha Rani T. An analysis on efficient resource allocation mechanism in cloud computing. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2015 May; 8(9). [9] Rama Satish KV, Kavya NP. Big Data Processing with harnessing Hadoop-MapReduce for Optimizing Analytical Workloads. IEEE 2014, International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics. [10] Kyoo-Sungnoh and Doo-Sik-Lee. Bigdata platform design and implementation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2015 Aug; 8(9). [11] http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/JobTracker [12] Mohammad Hammoud and Majd F. Sakr, “Locality-aware reduce task scheduling for MapReduce," 3rd Int. Conf. on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), IEEE, pp. 570-576, 2011.

The present works investigates the influence of re-entrant angle in a piston bowl geometry on both engine performance and combustion efficiency in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine using STAR-CD. The analysis was done by varying the reentrant angle of piston bowl between 16.35˚ to 25.35˚. All the other relevant parameters namely, compression ratio, bowl volume, squish clearance, engine speed and the mass of fuel injected were kept constant. It is observed that the in-cylinder pressures and temperatures are higher for 19.35˚ reentrant angle. NOx emissions were observed higher for 22.35˚ reentrant angle. Lower soot emissions were observed for 19.35˚ reentrant angle when compared with the other reentrant angles. The simulation analysis revealed that 19.35˚ reentrant angle is the optimum reentrant angle yielding best performance and lower emissions for the chosen engine geometry. Higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with 19.35˚ reentrant angle indicating efficient combustion emphasizing the need for optimized combustion chamber geometry for better performance and emissions.

Keywords : CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), STAR-CD, Re-entrant angle, Piston Bowl Geometry, NOx, Soot

Recent

[1] Abdul Gafoor C.P., Rajesh Gupta, “Numerical investigation of piston bowl geometry and swirl ratio on emission from diesel engines,” Energy Conversion and Management 101 (2015) 541–551. [2] Raouf Mobasheri, Zhijun Peng,” CFD Investigation of the Effects of Re-Entrant Combustion Chamber Geometry in a HSDI Diesel Engine,” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol: 7, No:4, 2013. [3] Jaichandar S, Senthil Kumar P, Annamalai K.,” Combined effect of injection timing and combustion chamber geometry on the performance of a biodiesel fueled diesel engine” Energy 2012;47:388–94. [4] Shi Y, Reitz RD.,” Optimization study of the effects of bowl geometry, spray targeting, and swirl ratio for a heavy-duty diesel engine operated at low and high load,” Int J Engine Res 2008;9(4):325–46. [5] Prasad BVVSU, Sharma CS, Anand TNC, Ravikrishna RV.,” High swirl – inducing piston bowls in small diesel engines for emission reduction,” Appl Energy 2011;88:2355–67. [6] Bapu BR, Saravanakumar L, Prasad BD.,”Effects of combustion chamber geometry on combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester,” J Energy Inst 2015. [7] Park SW.,” Optimization of combustion chamber geometry for stoichiometric diesel combustion using a micro genetic algorithm,” Fuel Processing Technology. 2010;91(11):1742-52. [8] D.A. Zumbrunnen, M. Aziz, Convective heat transfer enhancement due to intermittency in an impinging jet, Journal of Heat Transfer 115 (1) (1993) 91–98. [8] Li J., Yang WM., An H., Maghbouli A., Chou SK.,” Effects of piston bowl geometry on combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fueled diesel engines,” Fuel, 120:66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.005. [9] Jesús B., José VP., Antonio G., Javier MS.,”An experimental investigation on the influence of piston bowl geometry on RCCI performance and emissions in a heavy-duty engine,” Energy Conversion and Management, 103:1019–1030. [10] Pasupathy Venkateswaran, S., and G. Nagarajan, 2010, “Effects of the Re-Entrant Bowl Geometry on a DI Turbocharged Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions—A CFD Approach,” Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power 132.12 (2010).

Self-Compacting Concrete Originally developed in Japan, SCC technology was made possible by the much earlier development of Superplasticisers for concrete. To compare the performance of SCC with Fly Ash 20%, Silica Fume 10%, Rice Husk Ash (5%, 10%, and 15%) as a partial replacement of cement, due to the high increase in construction which has brought a heavy demand for ingredients of concrete such as cement and sand, and these materials are becoming costly and scarce. The use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties in the fresh state as well as after hardening. By using Super plasticizer (High Range Water Reducing Admixture) to increase the workability & admixture should bring about the required water reduction & fluidity but should also maintain the dispersing effect. The Using M40 grade of concrete with curing period of 7days, 14days and 28days.To Study the workability and mechanical properties of Self-Compacting Concrete & Compare to Conventional Self-Compacting Concrete. The laboratory testing included slump flow test, L-Box test, V-Funnel test, compressive strength test, and splitting tensile strength test.

Keywords : Self-Compacting Concrete, Silica Fume, Rice Husk Ash, Fly Ash, Super Plasticizer, Material Testing

Recent

[1] Ahmed Fathi (2013). Study The Effectiveness of The Different Pozzolanic Material on Self-Compacting Concrete. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,VIII(4). [2] Chandra Mohan G (2015). A Study on Properties of Self-Compacting and Self-Curing Concrete, International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology,II(X) [3] Deepa Balakrishnan S (2013). Workability and strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash and dolomite powder, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), II: 43-47. [4] Gaywala N.R & D B Raijiwala(2009). Self-Compacting Concrete: A Concrete of Next Decade, Journal of Engineering Research and Studies. [5] Gopala Krishna Sastry& Asha Deepthi. Deva (2015). A Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties of Normal Vibrated Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, II(2):93-100

IEEE802.11 have been fully understood in the networking era. Opnet with IEEE802.11 give assistance is an easily understood able simulation tool for communication researchers. However it’s academic Edition have limited abilities. In this paper author have studied performance of IEEE802.11b (WLAN) using various security parameters. Author found that the throughtput was decreases with respect increase in number of nodes and packet drop also increases with increase in number of nodes. Keywords: WLAN, OPNET, Fixed nodes, AODV, IEEE 802.11b.

Keywords : WLAN, OPNET, Fixed Nodes, AODV, IEEE 802.11b

Recent

[1] “WU Xing-Feng, Liu Yuan- a “Survey of WLAN QoS system based on IEEE 802.11”, vol.7 no.3 march 2007. [2] “Energy efficient unicast routing protocols over 802.11b” C. Taddia, A Giovanardi, G. Mazzini, M. Zorzi 2005. [3] Searching internat Wikipedia. [4] M. Heusse. F. Rousseau G. Breger Sabbatel and a Duda. “Performance Anomaly of 802.11b in proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM, march April 2013” [5] Search networking.tectarget.com

Microelectromechanicalsystem (MEMS) technology have led to the development of optical devices with a large number of application areas. The reason is the unique MEMS characteristics that are its fabrication, system integration, and operation of micro-optical systems. The precision mechanics of MEMS micro-fabrication techniques, and optical functionality all make possible a wide variety of movable and tunable mirrors, lenses, filters, and other optical structures. The large number of electromagnetic modes that can be accommodated by beam-steering micro-mirrors and diffractive optical MEMS, combined with the precision of these types of elements, is utilized in fiber-optical switches and filters, including dispersion compensators. The potential to integrate optics with electronics and mechanics is a great advantage in biomedical instrumentation. Micro-optical systems also benefit from the addition of nanostructures to the MEMS toolbox. Photonic crystals and micro-cavities, which represent the ultimate in miniaturized optical components, enable further scaling of optical MEMS.

Keywords : Micro-Optics, Tunable Optics, Micro-Mirrors, Photonic Crystals, Micro-Cavities

Recent

[1] R. N. Thomas, J. Guldberg, H. C. Nathanson, and P. R. Malmberg,“The mirror-matrix tube: A novel light valve for projection displays,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 765–775, Sep. 1975. [2] L. J. Hornbeck, “Deformable-mirror spatial-light modulators,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 1150, pp. 86–102, Aug. 1989. [3] R. M. Boysel, T. G. McDonald, G. A. Magel, G. C. Smith, and J. L. Leonard, “Integration of deformable mirror devices with optical fibers and waveguides,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 1793, pp. 34–39, Sep. 1992. [4] P. Müller, R. Feuerstein, and H. Zappe, “Integrated optofluidic iris,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1156–1164, Oct. 2012 [5] F. Krogmann, W. Monch, and H. Zappe, “Electrowetting for tunable micro-optics,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 17, pp. 1501–1512, Dec. 2008.

Marble powder has been identified as a low costing material with the potential to redress the problem. The specimen has been prepared and tested for the strength with partial replacement of marble powder and cement in concrete The Compressive strength, Split Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Modulus of elasticity of Concrete can be increased with addition of marble powder to 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% replace by weight of cement. Tests are conducted on cubes and cylinders to test the strength of concrete with the time periods of 7th, 14th and 28th days. The production of cheaper and more durable concrete using this marble powder can solve to some extent the ecological and environmental problems. This paper provides a scope for more research which is required to design consistent and durable concrete with this powder.

Keywords : Marble Powder, Replacement, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength

Recent

[1] Aalok D. Sakalkale., Dhawale, G.D and Kedar, R.S (2014). Experimental study on use of waste marble dust in concrete, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622), 4 (10, Part - 6): 44-50. [2] Ahmed N. Bdour and Mohammad S. Al-Juhani (2011). Utilization of waste marble powder in cement industry, GREEN PAGES, ECO Services International, Sobha Winchester, Chennai, Iconic Project Showcasing Royal, English-Style Architecture. [3] Animesh Mishra, Abhishek Pandey, Prateek Maheshwari, Abhishek Chouhan, Suresh, S and Shaktinath Das (2013). Green cement for sustainable concrete using marble dust, International Journal of ChemTech Research, CODEN (USA), IJCRGG, 5(2): 616-622. [4] Arshad, A., Shahid, I., Anwar, U.H.C., Baig, M.N., Khan, S and Shakir, K (2014).The wastes utility in concrete, International Journal of Environmental Research., 8(4):1323-1328. [5] Baboo Rai, Khan Naushad H, Abhishek, Kr., Tabin Rushad, S and Duggal S.K (2011). Influence of marble powder/granules in concrete mix, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering (ISSN 0976 – 4399), 1(4): 827-834. [6] Bahar Demirel (2010). The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand on the mechanical properties of the concrete, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(9):1372-1380. [7] Candra Aditya, Abdul Halim and Chauliah Fatma Putri (2014). Waste marble utilization from residue marble industry as a substitution of cement and sand within concrete roof tile production, International Journal of Engineering Research, 3(8): 501-506. [8] Jashandeep singh and Bansal, R.S (2015). Partial replacement of cement with waste marble powder with M25 grade, International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 3(2): 202-205.

As the river sand is widely used in construction industry, the demand for fine aggregate is increasing rapidly. River sand has been the most widely used as fine aggregate around the world and to meet the demand has led to various harmful consequences such as increase in the depth of the river bed, lowering of the water table and salinity intrusion into the rivers. As a result, there was an immediate requirement for alternatives to river sand such as manufacturing sand which is prominently used as alternative material. An experimental study is made on the strength aspects of cement mortar by partially replacing river sand with Sea Sand and desert sand as fine aggregate. This study gives a comparison on the relevant material properties of Sea Sand (SS), Desert Sand (DS) and River Sand (RS).Different fine aggregate materials (SS, DS and RS) were used in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% proportion to make cement mortar blocks and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 28 and 56 days of curing. The Sea Sand was partially replaced with the River Sand (10% SS and 90% RS) mortar blocks were cast and similarly for desert sand (10% DS and 90% RS). For each proportion of Fine Aggregates (FA) cement mortar blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 28 and 56 days of curing. The compressive strength results for both the sets of replacements (SS+RS and DS+RS) were tabulated and graphs were plot for compressive strength v/s curing period.

Keywords : Sea Sand, Desert Sand, River Sand, Cement Mortar, Compressive Strength

Recent

Basic [1] British Marine Aggregate Producers Association Marine sands in mortars and screeds published by the, 2007. [2] Chandrakeerthy Suitability of sea sand as a fine aggregate for concrete production, Institution of Engineers, 1994. [3] Keisaburo Katano, Nobufumi Takeda, Yoshikazu Ishizeki, and Keishiro Iriya Properties and Application of Concrete Made with Sea Water and Un-washed Sea Sand presented at the Third International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 2013. Book References [4] Author: A.M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, 4th Edition, Pearson Publications; 1995 [5] Author: M.S. Shetty, Concrete Technology, published by S. Chand & Company Ltd.; 2009 Website References [6] http://www.nrmca.org [7] http://www.unep.org/pdf/UNEP_GEAS_March_2014 [8] http://www.wikipedia.org/ Code Books [9] IS 456: 2000 – Plain and Reinforced concrete – Code for practice. [10] IS 383: 1970 – Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. [11] IS 516: 1959 – Methods of tests for strength of concrete

This paper scrutinize image quality assessment emanate from discrete wavelet transform. Image quality assessment endeavor to procure visual quality metric dovetail deftly with human visual cognizance. Full reference IQA technique juxtaposes a reference and distorted image and prognosticate ocular quality. This technique schleps out by discerning contrariety between empirical score with image impressionistic score through beholder rating. The intend of beholder is to rate the correlation present in test images. Discrete wavelet transform dispatch single-level one-dimensional wavelet decomposition. DWT anatomize signals and images into escalating finer octave bands. The propounded method was placed under scrutiny with public image datasets manifest highest correlation with subjective results than neoteric techniques. The posited method proffers impeccable revamping of signal consequent to conversion. The denouement promulgates prowess in locution of computational complexity, speed.

Keywords : Image Quality Assessment (IQA), Objective Quality Measure, Full Reference Metric, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

Recent

[1] A. Balanov, A. Schwartz, Y. Moshe and N. Peleg, "Image quality assessment based on DCT subband similarity," in Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on, 2015. [2] S. Chikkerur, V. Sundaram, M. Reisslein and L. J. Karam, "Objective video quality assessment methods: A classification, review, and performance comparison," IEEE transactions on broadcasting, vol. 57, pp. 165-182, 2011. [3] E. C. Larson and D. M. Chandler, "Most apparent distortion: full-reference image quality assessment and the role of strategy," Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 19, pp. 11006-11006, 2010. [4] Z. Wang and E. P. Simoncelli, "Translation insensitive image similarity in complex wavelet domain," in Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005. Proceedings.(ICASSP'05). IEEE International Conference on, 2005. [5] S. Winkler and P. Mohandas, "The evolution of video quality measurement: From PSNR to hybrid metrics," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 54, pp. 660-668, 2008. [6] E. Y. Lam and J. W. Goodman, "A mathematical analysis of the DCT coefficient distributions for images," IEEE Transactions on image processing, vol. 9, pp. 1661-1666, 2000. [7] S. Winkler, "Analysis of public image and video databases for quality assessment," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 6, pp. 616-625, 2012. [8] H.-C. Lin, L.-L. Wang and S.-N. Yang, "Extracting periodicity of a regular texture based on autocorrelation functions," Pattern recognition letters, vol. 18, pp. 433-443, 1997. [9] D. M. Chandler and S. S. Hemami, "VSNR: A wavelet-based visual signal-to-noise ratio for natural images," IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 16, pp. 2284-2298, 2007. [10] Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity," IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 13, pp. 600-612, 2004. [11] W. Lin and C.-C. J. Kuo, "Perceptual visual quality metrics: A survey," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 22, pp. 297-312, 2011. [12] K. Seshadrinathan and A. C. Bovik, "Unifying analysis of full reference image quality assessment," in Image Processing, 2008. ICIP 2008. 15th IEEE International Conference on, 2008. [13] H. R. Sheikh and A. C. Bovik, "Image information and visual quality," IEEE Transactions on image processing, vol. 15, pp. 430-444, 2006. [14] H. R. Sheikh, M. F. Sabir and A. C. Bovik, "A statistical evaluation of recent full reference image quality assessment algorithms," IEEE Transactions on image processing, vol. 15, pp. 3440-3451, 2006. [15] H. R. Sheikh, "LIVE image quality assessment database," http://live. ece. utexas. Edu/research/quality, 2003. [16] M. A. Saad, A. C. Bovik and C. Charrier, "Blind image quality assessment: A natural scene statistics approach in the DCT domain," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, pp. 3339-3352, 2012. [17] N. Ponomarenko, V. Lukin, A. Zelensky, K. Egiazarian, M. Carli and F. Battisti, "TID2008-a database for evaluation of full-reference visual quality assessment metrics," Advances of Modern Radioelectronics, vol. 10, pp. 30-45, 2009. [18] A. K. Moorthy and A. C. Bovik, "Visual importance pooling for image quality assessment," IEEE journal of selected topics in signal processing, vol. 3, pp. 193-201, 2009. [19] S. S. Channappayya, A. C. Bovik and H. a. R. W. Jr, "Rate bounds on SSIM index of quantized images," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 17, pp. 1624-1639, 2008. [20] Z. Wang, E. P. Simoncelli and A. C. Bovik, "Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment," in Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004. Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on, 2003. [21] Z. Wang and A. C. Bovik, "Mean squared error: Love it or leave it? A new look at signal fidelity measures," IEEE signal processing magazine, vol. 26, pp. 98-117, 2009. [22] L. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Mou and D. Zhang, "FSIM: A feature similarity index for image quality assessment," IEEE transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, pp. 2378-2386, 2011. [23] A. B. Watson, J. Hu and J. F. McGowan, "Digital video quality metric based on human vision," Journal of Electronic imaging, vol. 10, pp. 20-29, 2001.

This paper introduces a hyperspectral denoising algorithm hinged on hybrid spatio-spectral total variation. The denoising issue have been hatched as a mixed noise diminution issue. A prevalent noise model has been pondered which reckon for not only Gaussian noise but also sparse noise. The inborn composition of hyperspectral images has been manipulated by using 2-D total variation along the spatial dimension and 1-D total variations along the spectral dimensions. The image denoising issues has been contrived as optimization hitch whose results has been acquired using the split-Bregman approach. The proposed method can minimize a remarkable amount of noise from real noisy hyperspectral images which is demonstrated by observational results. The proffer technique has been compared with prevailing avant-garde approaches. The outcomes reveal an excellence of the proposed method in the form of peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index and the visual quality.

Keywords : Hyperspectral denoising, Hybrid spatio-spectral total variation (HSSTV), optimization, split-Bregman.

Recent

[1] X. Liu, S. Bourennane and C. Fossati, "Denoising of hyperspectral images using the PARAFAC model and statistical performance analysis," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 50, pp. 3717-3724, 2012. [2] H. Zhang, W. He, L. Zhang, H. Shen and Q. Yuan, "Hyperspectral image restoration using low-rank matrix recovery," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 52, pp. 4729-4743, 2014. [3] H. K. Aggarwal and A. Majumdar, "Compressive hyper-spectral imaging in the presence of real noise," in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2016 IEEE International, 2016. [4] T. Zhou and D. Tao, "Godec: Randomized low-rank & sparse matrix decomposition in noisy case," in International conference on machine learning, 2011. [5] P. Liu, F. Huang, G. Li and Z. Liu, "Remote-sensing image denoising using partial differential equations and auxiliary images as priors," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 9, pp. 358-362, 2012. [6] A. Kaur, C. Singh and A. S. Bhandari, "SAR Image Segmentation Based On Hybrid PSOGSA Optimization Algorithm," Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 4, pp. 5-11, 2014. [7] M. Yan, "Restoration of images corrupted by impulse noise and mixed Gaussian impulse noise using blind inpainting," SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 1227-1245, 2013. [8] J. Liu, X.-C. Tai, H. Huang and Z. Huan, "A weighted dictionary learning model for denoising images corrupted by mixed noise," IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 22, pp. 1108-1120, 2013. [9] H. K. Aggarwal and A. Majumdar, "Hyperspectral Image Denoising Using Spatio-Spectral Total Variation," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 13, pp. 442-446, 2016. [10] T. Goldstein and S. Osher, "The split Bregman method for L1-regularized problems," SIAM journal on imaging sciences, vol. 2, pp. 323-343, 2009. [11] G. Chen and S.-E. Qian, "Denoising of hyperspectral imagery using principal component analysis and wavelet shrinkage," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and remote sensing, vol. 49, pp. 973-980, 2011. [12] H. K. Aggarwal and A. Majumdar, "Mixed Gaussian and impulse denoising of hyperspectral images," in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2015 IEEE International, 2015. [13] R. Kour and A. S. Sappal, "A Methodical Approach for the Construction of 64-QAM Golay Complementary Sequences Having Low Peak-To-Average Power Ratio," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vols. Vol. 2, Issue 6,, June 2013. [14] Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity," IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 13, pp. 600-612, 2004. [15] Z. Zhou, X. Li, J. Wright, E. Candes and Y. Ma, "Stable principal component pursuit," in Information Theory Proceedings (ISIT), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on, 2010. [16] P. Blomgren and T. F. Chan, "Color TV: Total variation methods for restoration of vector-valued images," IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 7, pp. 304-309, 1998. [17] S. A. Hussain and S. M. Gorashi, "Image denoising based on spatial/wavelet filter using hybrid thresholding function," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 42, 2012. [18] H. K. Aggarwal and A. Majumdar, "Hyperspectral unmixing in the presence of mixed noise using joint-sparsity and total variation," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 9, pp. 4257-4266, 2016. [19] M. A. T. Figueiredo and R. D. Nowak, "An EM algorithm for wavelet-based image restoration," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 12, pp. 906-916, 2003. [20] M. A. Saunders, "Solution of sparse rectangular systems using LSQR and CRAIG," BIT Numerical Mathematics, vol. 35, pp. 588-604, 1995. [21] Q. Yuan, L. Zhang and H. Shen, "Hyperspectral image denoising employing a spectral--spatial adaptive total variation model," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 50, pp. 3660-3677, 2012. [22] Y. Xiao, T. Zeng, J. Yu and M. K. Ng, "Restoration of images corrupted by mixed Gaussian-impulse noise via l 1--l 0 minimization," Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, pp. 1708-1720, 2011. [23] X. Liu, S. Bourennane and C. Fossati, "Nonwhite noise reduction in hyperspectral images," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 9, pp. 368-372, 2012. [24] D. Cerra, R. Muller and P. Reinartz, "Noise reduction in hyperspectral images through spectral unmixing," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 11, pp. 109-113, 2014. [25] J. Xu, W. Wang, J. Gao and W. Chen, "Monochromatic noise removal via sparsity-enabled signal decomposition method," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 10, pp. 533-537, 2013. [26] R. Gupta, D. Bansal and C. Singh, "Image Quality Assessment Using Non-Linear MultiMetric Fusion Approach," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 822-826, 2014.

Currently, a great deal of the automotive industry’s R&D effort is focused on improving overall vehicle efficiency. Almost every type of internal combustion engine work on the principle of heat engine. It converts the chemical energy into thermal energy and in the form of pressure of air carrying the heat, piston movement is done. Traditionally, only 25 to 30% of energy is begin utilized to run the vehicle and accessories mounted on the engine and left amount of energy is wasted in various ways likes in the form of exhaust and cooling of engine component. The useful engine is used to run the engine as well as generator. So the efficiency of those engine were very low. But one method to improve the efficiency is to develop methods to utilize waste heat that is usually wasted. One of the promising technology that was found to be useful for this purpose were thermoelectric generator. Therefore, this project involved making a bench type, proof of concept model of power production by thermoelectric generator and heat from exhaust emission of engine. In this study we investigated the use of thermoelectric generator for power production. The output energy checked by increasing of cylinder one by the help of morsh test. Power develop on the engine is checked by the morsh test. Thermoelectric generator so to impart stream of exhaust gas on surface of it and to generate small electric D.C. type of current developing upon temperature difference across intercooler or heat exchanger is installed in path of exhaust gas on seebeck effect. An output Voltage of 200mV was generated using a single Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of about 40o C. So can be able to change battery, tail lamp, head lamp, parking light, door light, indicator lump, G.P.S. system, night vision camera etc. So as to reduce frictional power against alternator can save fuel and also in automotive industry to increase the efficiency of engine.

Keywords : I.C. engine, Thermoelectric generator, Exhaust gas, Intercooler, Seebeck effect, Thermal energy, Power production, morsh test.

Recent

[1] MADHAV A KARRI, Clarkson University, June 2005, Modeling of an Automotive Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator. [2] L.E. Bell “Cooling, Heating, Generating Power, and Recovering Waste Heat with Thermoelectric systems” Science 321 (5895) (Sep 2008) 1457–1461. [3] Jorge MARTINS, Francisco P. BRITO, L.M. GONCALVES, Joaquim ANTUNES, Universidad do Minho “Thermoelectric Exhaust energy Recovery with Temperature Control through Heat Pipe” Portugal, 2011-01-0315. [4] Ramesh Kumar, C., Sonthalia, A., Goel, R., “Experimental Study on Waste Heat Recovery from an IC Engine using Thermoelectric Technology”, Thermal science, 15 (2011), 4, pp. 1011 – 1022. [5] Govind Mishra, Shushil Kumar Sharma, “A Review of Automotive Thermoelectric Generator” IRJET, Vol. 04 Issue: 03| Mar-2017, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072. [6] Shrutika karpe “thermoelectric power generator using west heat of automobile.” E –ISSN 2277-4106, P-ISSN 2347-5161. [7] DR N.K. Saikhedkar, anchal dewangan “Experimental Analysis of West Heat Recovery Using TEG for an Internal Combustion Engine” IJISET, Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2015, ISSN 2348-7968. [8] Prof. Ajit Kumar senapati, MR Shakti Prasad Dash, MR P. Rakesh “Thermo-electric generator in turbocharged diesel engine- A Review” IJIST, Vol. 1 Issue 3, May 2014. ISSN 2348-7968. [9] Jacks delightus peter, Balaji D., D. Gorishankar “West Heat Energy Harvesting using Thermoelectric Generator.” IOSR journal of engineering (IOSRJEN) e-ISSN: 2250-3021; P-ISSN: 2278-8714, Vol. 3, Issue 7 (July, 2013) V2 PP-01-04. [10] Tzer-Ming Jeng, Sheng-Chung Tzeng, Bo-Jun Yang and Yi-Chun Li “Design, Manufacture and Performance test of the Thermoelectric Generator system for Waste Heat Recovery of engine Exhaust” January 2016, 1, 2; doi; 10.3390/invention 1010002. [11] P.MohamedShameer, D.Christoper“Design of Exhaust Heat Power Generation System Using Thermoelectric Generator” IJSR, ISSN (online): 2319-7064, Volume 4 Issue 1, January 2015, Paper ID: SUB15553. [12] MR. KARTHIK K. A, MR, M. NIKHIL “Power Generation from Exhaust Gas and Engine Heat” PROJECT REFERENCE NO: 38S0410. [13] Vijay Krishna N, Kishan Kumar, Mayukh Nemani “power generation from exhaust gas of single cylinder four stoke diesel engine using thermoelectric generator.” www.jchps.com, ISSN: 0974-2115, jcps Vol. 9 Issue 4 Oct -Dec 2016. [14] Sanjya LeBlanc “Thermoelectric generator: Linking material Properties and systems engineering for waste heat recovery applications.” Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, the George Washington, DC 20052, USA. [15] J.-P. Fleurial, T. Caillat, B.J. Nesmith, R.C. Ewell, D.F.Woerner, G.C. Carr, et al., thermo electrics: from space power systems to terrestrial waste heat recovery applications, 2nd Thermoelectric Applications Workshop, 2011. [16] T. Hendricks,W.T. Choate, Engineering Scoping Study of Thermoelectric Generator Systems for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery, 2006. [17] T. Kajikawa, Thermoelectric power generation system recovering industrial waste heat, Thermo electrics Handbook Macro to Nano, CRC Press, 2006, pp. 50-1–50-26. [18] J.LaGrandeur,D.Crane,A.Eder,Vehicle fuel economy improvement through the myoelectric waste heat recovery, DEER Conference,2005. [19] T.J. Hendricks, N.K. Karri, T.P. Hogan, C.J. Cauchy, New perspectives in thermoelectric energy recovery system design optimization, J Electron Mater 42 (7) (Feb 2013) 1725–1736. [20] Shakouri, Recent Developments in Semiconductor Thermoelectric Physics and Materials, Jul2011. [21] D.T. Crane, L.E. Bell, Design to maximize performance of a thermoelectric power generator with a dynamic thermal power source, J Energy Resour Technol 131 (1) (Mar 2009) 012401. [22] D.T.Crane, G.S.Jackson, Optimization of cross flow heat exchangers for thermoelectric waste heat recovery, Energy Convers Manag 45 (9–10) (Jun 2004) 1565–1582. [23] D.T. Crane, An introduction to system-level, steady-state and transient modeling and optimization of high- power-density thermoelectric generator devices made of segmented thermoelectricelements, J Electron Mater 40 (5) (Dec 2010)561–569. [24] T.J. Hendricks, Thermal system interactions in optimizing advanced thermoelectric energy recovery systems, J Energy Resour Technol 129 (3) (Sep 2007) 223. [25] Poudel,Q.Hao,Y.Ma,Y.Lan,A.Minnich,B.Yu,etal., High-thermoelectric performance of nanostructured bismuth antimony telluride bulk alloys ,Science320(5876)(May2008)634– 638. [28] Y. Sun, P. Sheng, C. Di, F. Jiao,W. Xu, D. Qiu, et al., Organic thermoelectric materials and devices based on p- and n-type poly(metal 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate)s, Adv Mater 24 (7) (Feb 2012)932–937. [26] Biswas, J. He, I.D. Blum, C.-I. Wu, T.P. Hogan, D.N. Sideman, et al., High-performance bulk thermoelectric with all-scale hierarchical architectures, Nature 489 (7416) (Sep 2012) 414–418. [27] Lu, D.T. Morelli, Y. Xia, F. Zhou, V. Ozolins, H. Chi, et al., High performance thermoelectricity in earth-abundant compounds based on natural mineral tetrahedrites, Adv Energy Mater 3 (3) (Mar 2013) 342–348. [28] Snyder, T. Ursell, Thermoelectric efficiency and compatibility, Phys Rev Lett 91 (14) (Oct 2003) 148301. [29] J. Snyder, Application of the compatibility factor to the design of segmented and cascaded thermoelectric generators, Appl Phys Lett 84 (13) (Mar 2004) 2436. [30] M.S.El-Genk,H.H.Saber,T.Caillat,Efficient segmented thermoelectricuni couples for space power applications, Energy Convers Manag 44 (11) (Jul 2003)1755–1772. [31] G.P. Meisner, Skutterudite thermoelectric generator for automotive waste heat recovery — Meisner.pdf, 3rd Thermoelectrics Applications Workshop, 2012. [32] Ravi, S. Firdosy, T. Caillat, B. Lerch, A. Calamino, R. Pawlik, et al.,Mechanical properties of thermoelectric skutterudites, 969 (1) (2008)656–662. [33] J. Eilertsen, M.A. Subramanian, J.J. Kruzic, Fracture toughness of Co4Sb12 and In0. 1Co4Sb12thermoelectrics kutter udites evaluated by threemethods, JAlloysCompd552 (Mar 2013)492–498. [34] J.E. Ni, E.D. Case, R.D. Schmidt, C.-I. Wu, T.P. Hogan, R.M. Trejo, et al., The thermal expansion coefficient as a key design parameter for thermoelectric materials and its relationship to processing-dependent bloating, J Mater Sci 48 (18) (May 2013) 6233–6244. [35] D.T.Crane, L.E.Bell, Progress towards maximizing the performance of a thermoelectricpower generator, 2006 25th Int. Conf. Thermoelectric, 2006, pp.11–16. [36] Y. Gao, A.M. Marconnet, M.A. Panzer, S. LeBlanc, S. Dogbe, Y. Ezzahri, et al., Nanostructured interfaces for thermoelectrics, J Electron Mater 39 (9) (Jun 2010) 1456–1462.

Social recommendation system has attracted a lot of attention recently in the research communities of information retrieval, machine learning and data mining. Traditional social recommendation algorithms are often based on batch machine learning methods which suffer from several critical limitations, e.g., extremely expensive model retraining cost whenever new user ratings arrive, unable to capture the change of user preferences over time. Therefore, it is important to make social recommendation system suitable for real world online applications where data often arrives sequentially and user preferences may change dynamically and rapidly. In this paper, we present a new framework of online social recommendation from the viewpoint of online graph regularized user preference learning (OGRPL), which incorporates both collaborative user-item relationship as well as item content features into an unified preference learning process. I further develop an efficient iterative procedure, OGRPL-FW which utilizes the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, to solve the proposed online optimization problem.

Keywords : Online Social Recommendation, User Preference Learning, Low Rank

Recent

[1] J. Abernethy, K. Canini, J. Langford, and A. Simma. Online collaborative filtering. University of California at Berkeley, Tech. Rep, 2007. [2] M. Belkin, P. Niyogi, and V. Sindhwani. Manifold regularization: Ageometric framework for learning from labeled and unlabelled examples. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7:2399–2434, 2006. [3] M. Blondel, Y. Kubo, and U. Naonori. Online passive-aggressive algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization and completion. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pages 96–104, 2014. [4] E. J. Candes and Y. Plan. Matrix completion with noise. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98(6):925–936, 2010. [5] K. Crammer, O. Dekel, J. Keshet, S. Shalev-Shwartz, and Y. Singer. Online passive-aggressive algorithms. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7:551–585, 2006. [6] X. Ding, X. Jin, Y. Li, and L. Li. Celebrity recommendation with collaborative social topic regression. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 2612 2618. AAAI Press, 2013. [7] M. Ester. Recommendation in social networks. In RecSys, pages 491–492, 2013. [8] W. Feng and J. Wang. Incorporating heterogeneous information for personalized tag recommendation in social tagging systems. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, pages 1276–1284. ACM, 2012. [9] P. Forbes and M. Zhu. Content-boosted matrix factorization for recommender systems: experiments with recipe recommendation. In Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Recommender systems, pages 261–264. ACM, 2011. [10] H. Gao, J. Tang, X. Hu, and H. Liu. Exploring temporal effects for location recommendation on location-based social networks. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Recommender systems, pages93–100. ACM, 2013. [11] H. Gao, J. Tang, X. Hu, and H. Liu. Content-aware point of interest recommendation on location-based social networks. AAAI, 2015. [12] N. Guan, D. Tao, Z. Luo, and B. Yuan. Online nonnegative matrix factorization with robust stochastic approximation. Neural Networks and Learning Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 23(7):1087–1099, 2012. [13] E. Hazan and S. Kale. Projection-free online learning. arXiv preprintarXiv:1206.4657, 2012. [14] G.-N. Hu, X.-Y. Dai, Y. Song, S.-J. Huang, and J.-J. Chen. A synthetic approach for recommendation: Combining ratings, social relations, and reviews. [15] M. Jaggi. Revisiting frank-Wolfe: Projection-free sparse convex optimization. In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-13), pages 427–435, 2013. [16] M. Jaggi, M. Sulovsk, et al. A simple algorithm for nuclear norm regularized problems. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-10), pages 471–478, 2010. [17] S. Ji and J. Ye. An accelerated gradient method for trace norm minimization.In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conferenceon Machine Learning, pages 457–464. ACM, 2009. [18] M. Jiang, P. Cui, F. Wang, W. Zhu, and S. Yang. Scalable recommendation with social contextual information. Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on.

Frequency synthesizer is an electronic device that is used for creating a number of frequencies in a large band by using a constant signal from an oscillator. They are used in a lot of devices like Satellites, walkie-talkies, cell phones etc. Direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) is a device which is used to generate a large number of frequencies using electronic technique. Its input is a constant digital signal and it generates a discretionary waveform of different frequencies. It is also known as Numerically Control Oscillator. Its detailed parts are ROM, phase accumulator and phase register. It has some analog parts also like digital to analog converter and a low pass filter. When reference clock is given to NCO, it produces a square signal which advances at each progressive clock. The phase register is used to produce various phases using shift keying etc. The main purpose of this paper is to outline, investigate and to reproduce DDFS using environments like Xilinx, Cadence etc. Currently phase locked loops are in wide use but DDFS provides many advantages over PLL like low noise, low cost, fast settling time and high range of frequencies.

Keywords : Frequency Synthesizer, PLL, HDLs, FPGAs

Recent

[1] Md. Aamir Rauf Khan1et al, “Implementation of Wide Band Frequency Synthesizer Base on DFS (Digital Frequency Synthesizer) Controller Using VHDL” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.4,Issue 5,May 2014. [2] Qahtan Khalaf OMRAN et al, “A New Approach to the Design of Low-Complexity Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer” University of Kebangsaan Malaysia. [3] Woogeun Rhee et al, “Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis: Overview and Practical Aspects with FIR-Embedded Design” Journal Of Semiconductor Technology And Science, Vol.13, No.2, April, 2013.. [4] Kusum Lata et al, “ALL Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL): A Survey” International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, Vol. 2, No. 6, December 2013. [5] Nitesh Kumar et al, “An Efficient Method of Measuring in-band Spurious for Wide Band LFM” 9th International Radar Symposium India - 2013 (IRSI - 13). [6] Govind S. Patel et al, “The Optimization of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Performance by New Approximation Technique” Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(11): 3134-3139, 2013. [7] M. NourEldin M. et al, “A Novel Low-Power High-Resolution ROM-less DDFS Architecture” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 2, Issue 12, December- 2013. [8] Eli Bloch wt al, “A 1–20-GHz All-Digital InP HBT Optical Wavelength Synthesis IC” IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, vol. 61, no. 1, january 2013. [9] Jochen Rust et al, “A Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Based On Automatic Nonuniform Piecewise Function Generation” 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2012) Bucharest, Romania, August 27 - 31, 2012. [10] C.S. Vaucher, Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

Heat Exchangers are one of the most important engineering systems with various applications like power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air conditioning, heat recovery systems, chemical processing and food industries. Basic advantage of helical Coil heat exchanger is its higher heat transfer with compact size, due to secondary flow generation in coil. One of the passive methods of heat transfer enhancement is used here, by changing the design of helical coil. Few investigators have introduced Critical Reynolds number to identify the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in helical coils which is given by Schmidts Co-relation. An attempt is made to change the curvature ratio continuously throughout the coil by using a conical shaped coil in order to decrease the critical Reynolds number. Then fabrication of both straight and conical coil heat exchangers is done for experimentation work. The mass flow rate range through coil is taken 0.01 kg/s,0.02 kg/s, 0.05 kg/s,0.07 kg/s,0.09 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s keeping mass flow rate through shell 0.05 kg/s constant also tube inlet and shell inlet temperatures maintained same 42ºC and 27 ºC respectively for all mass flow rate. This experimentation is done in parallel as well as in counter flow arrangement. Experimental results of conical coil are compared with straight helical coil. As mass flow rate through coil increases there is increment in shell outlet temperature by enhancement of heat transfer by 2.78%, average heat transfer and LMTD by 12%, heat transfer coefficient by 4%, overall heat transfer coefficient by 11% and decrement in friction factor and pressure drop by 40% in conical coil heat exchanger counter arrangement as compare to straight coil heat exchanger.

Keywords : Helical Coil Heat Exchanger, Curvature Ratio, Critical Reynolds

Recent

[1] N.Ghorbani, H. Taherian, M. Gorji, H. Mirgolbabaei, “Experimental study of mixed convection heat transfer in vertical helically coiled tube heat exchangers” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 34 (2010) 900–905. [2] Abhinav Gupta, Ravi Kumar, Akhilesh Gupta, “Condensation of R-134a inside a helically coiled tube-in-shell heat exchanger” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 54 (2014) 279–289. [3] S.S.Pawar, Vivek K. Sunnapwar, “Experimental studies on heat transfer to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in helical coils with laminar and turbulent flow”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 44 (2013) 792–804. [4] T.A.Pimenta, L.M. Campos, “Friction losses of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids flowing in laminar regime in a helical coil” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 36 (2012) 194–204. [5] Armand Fopah Lelea, Thomas Ronnebecka, Christian Rohdea, Thomas Schmidta, Frederic Kuznikb, Wolfgang K.L, “Modelling of heat exchangers based on thermochemical material for solar heat storage systems”, The 6th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2014, Energy Procedia. [6] M.R. Salimpour “Heat transfer coefficients of shell and coiled tube heat exchangers”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 33 (2009) 203–207. [7] N. D. Shirgire, Amit Thakur, Sanjay Singh, “Comparative Study and Analysis between Helical Coil and Straight Tube Heat Exchanger”, Amit Thakur et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 2), August 2014, pp.130-133 [8] Pablo Coronel, K.P. Sandeep.” Heat Transfer Coefficient in Helical Heat Exchangers under Turbulent Flow Conditions”, International Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1 2008 Article 4. [9] Pramod S. Purandare, Mandar M. Lele, Rajkumar Gupta,, “Parametric Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchanger”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 8, October – 2012, ISSN: 2278-0181. [10] B. Chinna Ankanna, B. Sidda Reddy, “Performance Analysis of Fabricated Helical Coil Heat Exchanger”, and International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN: 2319-6890) (online), 2347-5013(print), Volume No.3 Issue No: Special 1, pp: 33-39 22nd March 2014. [11] Harith Noori Mohammed, “Experimental Study of Free Convection in Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger with Vertical Orientation”, Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences/Vol.18/No.4/December 2011, (80-87). [12] S.D.Sancheti Dr.P.R.Suresh, “Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat exchangers”, 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Mar-2012 Special Issue of International Journal of electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science & Engineering, ISSN: 2277-9477. [13] J.S.Jaykumar “Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat exchanger”

Chassis is one of the vital parts that used in automobile engineering. it is a firm structure that forms a skeleton to hold all the major parts together. Chassis frames are made of “steel section” so that they are strong enough to withstand the load and shock. Chassis must be light in weight to decrease dead mass on the vehicles. Major challenge in today’s automobile vehicle industry is to overcome the increasing demands for higher performance, lower weight in order to satisfy fuel economy requirements, and longer life of components, all this at a reasonable cost and in a short period of time. The study is to produce results to rectify problems associated with structures of a commercial vehicle such as strength, stiffness and fatigue properties along with stress, bending moment and vibrations. This can be achieved by static and dynamic analysis, combining existing theoretical knowledge and advanced analytical methods. Design of a Chassis is carried by using CATIA .And finite element analysis will be carried out by using ANSYS.

Keywords : Chassis,Catia,Ansys

Recent

[1] RoslanAbdRahman, MohdNasir “Stress Analysis of Heavy Duty Truck Chassis As a Preliminary Data Using FEM”, Tamin , Journal Mekanikal, December 2008, No.26, 76 – 85. [2] Teo Han Fui, RoslanAbd. Rahman” Statics and Dynamics Structural Analysis of a 4.5 Ton Truck Chassis, “Mechanical Engineering Dept., UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, December 2007, No. 24, 56 – 6756 [3] Zhanwang, Y., and Zongyu, C., “Dynamic Response Analysis of MinicarChangan Star 6350”, Proceedings of 2nd MSC worldwide automotive conference, MSC, 2000 [4] Kim, H. S., Hwang, Y. S., Yoon, H. S., Dynamic Stress Analysis of a Bus Systems”, Proceedings of 2nd MSC worldwide automotive conference, MSC, 2000. [5] Fermer, M., McInally, G., Sandin, G., “Fatigue Life Analysis of Volvo S80 Bi-fuel”, Proceedings of 1st= MSC worldwide automotive conference, MSC, 1999 [6] Johansson, I., and Gustavsson, M., “FE-based Vehicle Analysis of Heavy Trucks Part I” Proceedings of 2nd MSC worldwide automotive conference, MSC, 2000 [7] Oijer, F., “FE-based Vehicle Analysis of Heavy Trucks Part II”, Proceedings of 2nd MSC worldwide automotive conference, MSC, 2000 [8] Parnell, T., White, C., and Day, S., “Finite Element Simulation of 180o Rollover for Heavy Truck Vehicles”, ASCE Engineering mechanics conference, Baltimore, 1999.

In today's period of the invasive figuring, the Internet has turned into the principle method of information correspondence. In such a situation, giving security to information turns into a mind boggling assignment. In Elliptic bend cryptography (ECC) is a developing most loved in light of the fact that requires less computational force, correspondence data transmission, and memory when contrasted with different cryptosystems In this paper we introduce Elliptic bend cryptography and Diffie–Hellman key understanding, itself is a mysterious (non-confirmed) key-assertion convention, it gives the premise to an assortment of verified conventions, and is utilized to give forward mystery to web programs application utilizing HTTPS. In its mainstream organization on the internet, provides confirmation of the site and related web server that one is corresponding with, which secures against Man-in-the-center assaults. Also, it gives bidirectional encryption of interchanges between a customer and server, which ensures against listening stealthily and messing with and/or manufacturing the substance of the correspondence and for better security we will apply mark and confirmation calculation for ECC and for verification we have performed digital signature algorithm for better assessment of security approach.

Keywords : Elliptic Curve, Diffie Hellman, Attacks, ECC

Recent

[1] Yi-Pin Liao, Shuenn-Shyang, A new secure password authenticated key agreement scheme for SIP using self-certified public keys on elliptic curve, Computer Communications 33 (2010) 372–380 Elsevier B.V. [2] Liufei Wu, Yuqing Zhang b, A new provably secure authentication and key agreement protocol For SIP using ECC, Computer Standards & Interfaces 31 Elsevier (2009) 286 – 291 [3] Liufei Wu, Yuqing Zhang b, New Vistas in elliptic curve cryptography Information security technical. [4] D. Sravana Kumar, Encryption of Data Using Elliptic Curve over Fields, A. Chandrasekhar [5] Moncef Amara, A Study of Elliptic Curve’s Implementations Suitable for Embedded System, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security Vol.9 No.11November 2011. [6] Harri Forsgren, Security and Trust of Public Key Cryptography Option for HIP, 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology 2010 [7] Qiong Pu, Xiuying Zao, Cryptanalysis of a Three Party Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography, International Conference on Research Challenges in Computer Science IEEE 2009 [8] Sha Gueron, A Technique for Accelerating Characteristic 2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Fifth international Conference on Information Technology IEEE 2008.. [9] , N. Zunic, Methods for protecting password transmission, Computers and Security 19 (5) (2000) 466–469. [10] C.C. Lee, L.H. Li, M.S. Hwang, A remote user authentication scheme using hash functions, ACM Operating Systems Review 36 (4) (2002) 23–29. [11] W.C. Ku, C.M. Chen, H.L. Lee, Weaknesses of Lee–Li–Hwang’s Hash-based password authentication scheme, ACM Operating Systems Review 37 (4) (2003) 19–25. [12] E.J. Yoon, E.K. Ruy, K.Y. Roo, A secure user authentication scheme using hash functions, ACM Operating Systems Review 38 (2) (2004) 62–68. [13] W.C. Ku, M.H. Chaing, S.T. Chang, Weaknesses of Yoon–Ryu–Yoo’s hash-based password authentication scheme, ACM Operating Systems Review 39 (1) (2005) 85–89. [14] J.J. Hwang, T.C. Yeh, Improvement on Peyravian–Zunic’s password authentication schemes, IEICE Transactions on Communications E85-B (4) (2002) 823–825. [15] W.C. Ku, C.M. Chen, L. Hui, Cryptanalysis of a variant of Peyravian–Zunic’s

Grammar (or syntax) means that the sentence is syntactically correct. The main purpose of a grammar to check whether sentence is free of syntax errors. An entire document or one sentence at a time is checked for grammatical construct. Opinion mining in terms of sentiment analysis to identify the nature of sentence like positive or negative polarity of text. In modern days several social sites indicated text in the form of comment, Part of Speech (POS) etc. These comments are sense as positive text or negative text. This sense will help to find out the accurate result with the help of sentiment analysis. The main objective of the paper is to read a text and separates it into sentences. First phase of the paper is to detect grammatical error in the sentences based on POS. The detection is based on some assumptions. The second phase is to determine the polarity of the grammatically correct sentence.

Keywords : Polarity Analysis, Grammar, and Natural Language Processing

Recent

[1] Sågvall Hein, A.” A chart-based framework for grammar checking – initial studies”, 11th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistic, 1998. [2] Dey, L., Haque, S.M. “Opinion mining from noisy text data”, Int. J. Document Anal. Recognition 12, 205–226, 2009. [3] Neviarouskaya, A., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M.” Semantically distinct verb classes involved in sentiment analysis”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Computing (AC 2009), Japan, 2009. [4] Puneet Singh, Ashutosh Kapoor, Vishal Kaushik, and Hima Bindu Maringanti. “Architecture for auto- mated tagging and clustering of song less according to mood”, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 2010. [5] Jisha P. Jayan, Deepu S. Nair, Elizabeth Sherly “A subjective feature extraction for sentiment analysis in Malayalam language”, IEEE 2015. [6] Rui Xia, Feng Xu, Chengqing Zong, Qianmu Li, Yong Qi and Tao Li, “dual sentiment analysis: considering two sides of one reviews”, IEEE 2015. [7] Duyu Tang, Bing Qin, Furu Wei, Li Dong, Ting Liu and Ming Zhou , “A joint segmentation and classification frame work for sentence level sentiment classification ” , IEEE 2015. [8] Yejin Choi and Claire Cardie “Learning with compositional semantics as structural inference for sub sentential sentiment analysis”, IEEE 2008. [9] V.S.Jagtap and Karishma Pawar “Analysis of different approaches to sentence level sentiment classification”, IEEE 2013. [10] Xiaoqian Zhang, Shoushan Li and Hongxia Zhao, “Polarity shifting: Corpus construction and analysis”, IEEE 2006.

This paper presents the comparison between three modifiers used in bitumen. The commonly used SBS and Crumbled Rubber has been compared against Zycotherm, which is a new generation silane additive. The paper presents a comparison between the modifications in penetration and softening point values of modified bitumen. The complex modulus variations obtained from DSR testing were also compared. The prices of the modifier used, per kilogram of bitumen has also been assessed.

Keywords : SBS- Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene, Crumbled Rubber, Zycotherm, Dynamic Shear Rheometer, Complex Modulus

Recent

[1] Isacsson U, Lu X. Testing and appraisal of polymer modified road bitumens: state of the art. Mater Struct 1995; 28:139–59. [2] Mahabir P, Mazumdar M. Engineering properties of EVA modified bitumen binder for paving mixes. J Mater Civil Eng 1999; 11:131–5. [3] Ho S, Zanzotto L. The low temperature properties of conventional and modified asphalt binders evaluated by the failure energy and secant modulus from direct tension tests. Mater Struct 2005; 275:137–43. [4] Kanitpong K, Bahia H. Relating adhesion and cohesion of asphalts to the effect of moisture on laboratory performance of asphalt mixtures. Transp Res Rec 2005; 1901: 33–43. [5] Sengoz B, Isikyakar G. Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen. Construct Build Mater 2008;22: 1897–905. [6] Chen JS, Liao MC, Shiah MS. Asphalt modified by styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer: morphology and model. J Mater Civil Eng 2002; 14(3): 224–229. [7] Valkering CP, Vonk WC, Whiteoak CD. Improved asphalt properties using SBS modified bitumens. Shell Bitumen Rev 1992;66:9–11.